OBJECTIVES A water pipe (hookah) is a tobacco smoking tool which is thought to be more harmless than a cigarette, and there are no adequate studies about its hazards to health. Water-pipe smoking is threatening health of the youth in the world today. The objective of this study has been to investigate the carbon monoxide (CO) levels in breath, examine the changes in pulmonary function tests (PF...

Objectives: A water pipe (hookah) is a tobacco smoking tool which is thought to be more harmless than a cigarette, and there are no adequate studies about its hazards to health. Water-pipe smoking is threatening health of the youth in the world today. The objective of this study has been to investigate the carbon monoxide (CO) levels in breath, examine the changes in pulmonary function tests (P...

BACKGROUND Smoking tobacco preparations in a water pipe (hookah) is widespread in many places of the world and is perceived by many as relatively safe. We investigated biomarkers of toxicant exposure with water pipe compared with cigarette smoking. METHODS We conducted a crossover study to assess daily nicotine and carcinogen exposure with water pipe and cigarette smoking in 13 people who wer...

BACKGROUND Water pipe smoking is increasing in Eastern Mediterranean Region. The objective of this study was to investigate any relationship between water pipe smoking and health-related quality of life in the general population of Bandar Abbas, Iran. METHODS Using a multistage sampling method, a random sample of 1675 individuals aged 15 years and over was studied from June through July 2007....

BACKGROUND Water pipe tobacco smoking is spreading globally and is increasingly becoming popular in the United States, particularly among young people. Although many perceive water pipe smoking to be relatively safe, clinical experimental studies indicate significant exposures to tobacco smoke carcinogens following water pipe use. We investigated biomarkers of nicotine intake and carcinogen exp...

BACKGROUND Water pipe is a traditional method of tobacco use, which is epidemically spreading throughout Europe. There are scarce data about the use of water pipe and its relation to other addictive behaviors among young adults in Western countries. OBJECTIVES It was our aim to identify the sociodemographic characteristics of water pipe users in Switzerland and to describe concurrent cigarett...

OBJECTIVES The objectives of this analysis were to identify the sociodemographic characteristics of water-pipe users in a North American context and to describe concurrent psychoactive substance use. METHODS Data on sociodemographic characteristics, water-pipe smoking, and use of other psychoactive substances were collected in 2007 through mailed self-report questionnaires completed by 871 yo...

Table 1. June water chemistry values for Nine Pipe and Ovando Valley wetland study sites. Data from Borth (1998). Table 2. July water chemistry values for Nine Pipe and Ovando Valley wetland study sites. Data from Borth (1998). Table 3. August water chemistry values for Nine Pipe and Ovando Valley wetland study sites. Data from Borth (1998). Table 4. June, July and August average water chemistr...

Background In contrast to cigarette smoking, the association between water pipe smoking and airway hyperresponsiveness remains widely unexplored. Methods A bronchoprovocation challenge with mannitol was performed in young adults recruited at the University of Basel, Switzerland. Subjects were categorized as acute water pipe smokers (single episode of water pipe smoking, no or <0.5 pack-years ...