A simple method of drawing the three-plane projection of the spatial vectorcardiogram has been described (Shillingford and Brigden, 1951). A series of normal vectorcardiograms were studied and found to have certain constant characteristics that were comparable with the results obtained by electronic methods. In this paper we report the vectorcardiographic findings of extensive cardiac infarctio...

Various measures for quantifying the interindividual variability of the electrocardiogram and the vectorcardiogram in healthy subjects are presented. An analysis of factors that may cause this variability is performed, in particular of the geometrical factors of body size, heart size, heart position, and orientation. The results indicate that the variations in the magnitude of the electrocardio...

Background The electrocardiogram (ECG) is important for gating purposes in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). However, the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effect, which is caused by the flow of blood in the static magnetic field, makes it difficult to record clean ECG signals for gating. The vectorcardiogram (VCG), which can be derived from the ECG signal, is commonly used for gating purposes ...

The mid-to-late part of the frontal plane QRS loop (Frank lead system) of 150 consecutive subjects with an old inferior myocardial infarction was analyzed. During the acute episode all cases had to satisfy Myers' classical ECG criteria for the diagnosis. The vectorcardiogram was recorded months to years later. As a result of this analysis and in order to prevent overlap with values found in 450...

In a study of 101 normal men and 102 normal women (mean age, 42.5 and 42.6 years, respectively), significant sex differences were observed in 43 of 64 vectorial items analyzed (initial 0.02-sec and 0.025-sec vectors, maximal QRS and T vectors, terminal 0.02-sec vectors in frontal, horizontal left sagittal planes; Q, R, S, and T deflections in Frank's X, Y, and Z leads). The initial QRS vectors ...

Macroreentrant atrial tachyarrhythmias (MRATs) can be caused by different reentrant circuits. The treatment for each MRAT type may require ablation at sites, either the right or left atria. Unfortunately, circuit that drives arrhythmia cannot ascertained previous to electrophysiological intervention. A noninvasive approach based on comparison of vectorcardiogram (VCG) loops is proposed. An arch...