This article presents a mathematical and empirical verification of computational constancy measures for natural language text. A constancy measure characterizes a given text by having an invariant value for any size larger than a certain amount. The study of such measures has a 70-year history dating back to Yule’s K, with the original intended application of author identification. We examine v...

The Voynich manuscript is one of the biggest mysteries in linguistic science. Although a lot of researches are being made, the author, the origin and the content of the manuscript still remain unknown. In this work letter frequency distributions of about 300 languages were compared to one of the language in the Voynich manuscript. The study shows the most similar languages according to this cha...

dar bayan-i ?istikhradj-i djayb-i yik daradja is a persian treatise by an anonymous author. the author’s purpose is to describe and explain a method for the determination of the sine of one degree according to ??sh ch?’s persian commentary on ulugh beg’s z?dj, and ????z?da’s arabic treatise entitled ris?la fi ?istikhradj djayb daradja wahida. kad?zada’s work, extant in several manuscripts, is, ...

abstract ontology s as a freestanding and distinct discipline came to be by aristotle’s metaphysics. in greco-arabic translation movement, metaphysics was one of the most important works to be translated. different translations were made from many parts of it, but many of them are not extant. however, we now do have a translation of the most of the parts of metaphysics. this translation survive...