objective: prolactinomas are the most common pituitary tumors in pregnant women. we conducted this study on pregnant women with prolactinoma to determine their clinical symptoms and signs and eventual necessity to medical therapy. materials and methods: a descriptive study was performed on 85 pregnant women with prolactinoma.patients were followed up by physical examination, imaging, and perime...

Introduction: Due to nuclear interactions between the tissues and high-energy protons, the particles, including neutrons, positrons, and photons arise during proton therapy. This study aimed at investigating the dose distribution of proton and secondary particles, such as positrons, neutrons, and photons using the Monte Carlo method. Material and Methods:<...

Objective(s): The goal of this study was assessing the prophylactic effect of exercise and its role as an adjuvant therapy on level of cytokines involved in angiogenesis in estrogen-dependent breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Forty female BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to exercise-tumor-exercise (ETE), exercise-tumor-rest (ETR), rest-tumor-exercise (RTE) and rest-tumor-rest (RTR) groups...

Background: Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a relatively common benign tumor, accounting for 4–9.5 % all primary neoplasms. Localization GCTB one the most important differential diagnostic criteria, since affects certain parts skeleton. Until now, surgical treatment was considered method choice in GCTB. However, recent years, denosumab, genetically engineered drug, has been widely used to tr...

Background: The amount of average dose enhancement in tumor loaded with 10B may vary due to various factors in boron neutron capture therapy.Objective: This study aims to evaluate dose enhancement in tumor loaded with 10B under influence of various factors and investigate the dependence of this dose enhancement on neutron spectra changes.Material and Methods: In this simulation stud...

Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma (SNTCS) is a rare tumor characterized by mixture architecture of epithelial and mesenchymal components. SNTCS is a highly malignant tumor displaying progressive and aggressive growth with poor prognosis. Only about 40% of all patients survive after five years. It seems the combination of surgery and radiotherapy currently is the most effective treatment. In this r...

CAR-T cell immunotherapy involves genetically reprogrammed T-lymphocytes that interact with cancer cells and activate an anti-tumor immune response. This therapy has been approved for clinical use hematological cancers, but new challenges have emerged in the treatment of solid tumors. Some include heterogeneity antigen expression found tumors, including antigen-positive non-tumoral cells, inhib...

objective(s): interleukin-12 (il-12) as a cytokine has been proved to have a critical role in stimulating the immune system and has been used as immunotherapeutic agents in cancer gene therapy. chitosan as a polymer, with high ability of binding to nucleic acids is a good candidate for gene delivery since it is biodegradable, biocompatible and non-allergenic polysaccharide. the objective of the...

Tumor vessel co-option is a crucial predictor for tumor invasiveness but easy to ignore in vascular targeting therapy. A high density of located alongside the frontier predicted tendency invasion and regional metastasis. Herein, novel second near-infrared (NIR-II) nanoagent (Coi8DFIC-sorafenib nanoparticles, CS NPs [CS NPs]) was constructed with an organic Coi8DFIC dye sorafenib, which demonstr...