Conversion of vegetable oils and animal fats composed predominantly of triglycerides using pyrolysis type reactions represents a promising option for the production of renewable fuels and chemicals. The purpose of this article was to collect and review literature on the thermo-chemical conversion of triglyceride based materials. The literature was divided and discussed as (1) direct thermal cra...

A two-dimensional thermal elasto-plastic numerical model is developed by finite element method to analyze and compare the mechanical driving factor for heat affected zone (HAZ) liquation cracking during laser welding and hybrid laser-arc welding techniques. Calculations of transient temperatures and cooling rates are used in conjunction with solidification theory to analyze weld pool characteri...

High velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF)coating have shown high resistance to corrosion in fossil energy applications and it is generally accepted that mechanical failure, e.g. cracking or spalling, ultimately will determine coating lifetime. The use of HVOF thermal spray to apply coatings is one of the most commercially viable and allows the control of various parameters including powder particle velocit...

the conversion process of heavy hydrocarbons to the valuable products such as gasoline is an important operation in the oil refineries.one important process is the “fluidized catalytic cracking” (fcc).feed injection in fcc process has an important role in the selectivity and properties of the products.performance of the feed injection system is dependent on the atomizers.the size and contributi...

This review covers recent advances and work on the microstructure features, mechanical properties and cracking processes of conducting polymer film/coating- substrate structures under different testing conditions. An attempt is made to characterize and quantify the relationships between mechanical properties and microstructure features. In addition, the film cracking mechanism on the micro scal...

In this study, the early-age strain–stress development of mixtures containing slag cement was measured on uniaxially restrained specimens using a specially designed testing frame starting right after casting. It was found that thermal deformation dominates early-age stress development in low w/cm and low slag cement paste systems. While for concrete, autogenous shrinkage is the major contributi...

Stationary and moving plane heat source analysis have application in several manufacturing processes such as metal cutting, spot welding, laser cutting/surface treatment (using CO2 or Argon lasers) as well as tribological applications including ball bearing and gear design [1-5]. Temperature profile and the rate of cooling at and near the surface can affect the metallurgical microstructures, th...

Short cracks, extending to the interdiffusion zone, have been observed in platinum-modified nickel-aluminide diffusion coatings on single-crystal CMSX-4 superalloys after these have been subject to short (10 min) rapid thermal cycles. The cracks were revealed after removing the thermally grown oxide formed during cycling on the coating surfaces. Cracking was observed for coatings subject to the...