The paper presents the major principles and concepts of a dependency grammar theory of discontinuities for English and German (and presumably for many other languages as well). Discontinuities are identified in terms of traditional projectivity violations. These violations are then reanalyzed according to the Rising Principle. This principle sees the relevant constituent attaching to a word tha...

Quantum Natural Language Processing (QNLP) deals with the design and implementation of NLP models intended to be run on quantum hardware. In this paper, we present results first experiments conducted Noisy Intermediate-Scale (NISQ) computers for datasets size greater than 100 sentences. Exploiting formal similarity compositional model meaning by Coecke, Sadrzadeh Clark (2010) theory, create rep...

Initial Semantics aims at interpreting the syntax associated to a signature as the initial object of some category of “models”, yielding induction and recursion principles for abstract syntax. Zsidó [Zsi10, Chap. 6] proves an initiality result for simply–typed syntax: given a signature S, the abstract syntax associated to S constitutes the initial object in a category of models of S in monads. ...

This paper proposes an analysis of the syntax and semantics of complex cardinal numerals, which involve multiplication (two hundred) and/or addition (twentythree). It is proposed that simplex cardinals have the semantic type of modifiers (ÆÆe, tæ, Æe, tææ). Complex cardinals are composed linguistically, using standard syntax (complementation, coordination) and standard principles of semantic co...

The purpose of this paper is to provide a comparative study of nonmonotonic syntax-basedconsequencerelations, from different points of view. Starting from a (not necessarily consistent) belief baseE and a pre-ordering on E, we first remind different mechanisms for selecting preferred consistent subbases in syntax-based approaches.Then, we present three entailment principles in order to cope wit...

The use of higher-order abstract syntax is an important approach for the representation of binding constructs in encodings of languages and logics in a logical framework. Formal meta-reasoning about such object languages is a particular challenge. We present a mechanism for such reasoning, formalized in Coq, inspired by the Hybrid tool in Isabelle. At the base level, we define a de Bruijn repre...

It is widely recognized that natural language syntax makes an extensive use of movement: elements are typically pronounced in positions different from those in which they receive some of their interpretive properties. On Wh-movement gave a major contribution to the study of the configurational properties of A’-movement, first and foremost its fundamentally local character, and its mode of appli...

if we take ibn malik as the connecting chain of the interconnected history of syntax, we will find him among the last analytic scholars and theorist grammarians, since in his era, the principles of syntax has been established and grammarians didn’t provide new ideas. but discussion of ibn malik’s innovative syntactic approaches is important because of two reasons. due to his authoritative posit...

We focus on a problem of homonymy and polysemy in morphological dictionaries on the example of the Czech morphological dictionary MorfFlex CZ [2]. It is not necessary to distinguish meanings in morphological dictionaries unless the distinction has consequencies in word formation or syntax. The contribution proposes several important rules and principles for achieving consistency.

In this paper, we define formally the XML-λ Query Language, a query language for XML, that employs the functional data model. We describe its fundamental principles including the abstract syntax and denotational semantics. The paper basically aims for outlining of the language scope and capabilities.