The questions of how wind and ocean waves interact and how this coupling should be parameterized to optimally derive the surface wind stress remain open and central to estimating air-sea coupling at the global and local scales. While much attention has been given to evaluating the effect of the wind-driven waves upon the surface wind stress and air-sea drag coefficient, less emphasis has been g...

Results of laboratory tests on specimens produced from subsoil studies were evaluated tocharacterize geotechnical properties of Tabriz Marl. It was concluded that, Tabriz Marl may be considered as a high liquid limit silt or clay (MH & CH). Range of changes of index, physical and mechanical properties of the Tabriz Marl are comparatively vast. Correlation between these properties has been intro...

About 40 years ago, Snodgrass and other oceanographers (1966) tracked ocean swell propagating across the entire Pacific Ocean. At about the same time, several investigators (including Benjamin and Feir) showed that a uniform train of plane waves of finite amplitude on deep water is unstable. Comparing these two results, each of which is highly cited, leads to the following question: in light of...

Nonlinear Processes Geophysics, NPG-16Ocean Swell within the kinetic equation for water waves Zakharov and Badulin The authors present interesting notions about swell evolution for long durations and it seems worth publishing. Based on my considerations I recommend a major review. There are 3 important notions that should be discussed or modified in more detail. One concerns the model setup use...

ells that passively swell and contract with changes in osmolarity are the key to detecting those changes, say Most cells have at least two mechanisms for maintaining homeostasis in response to changes in salt concentrations. Without these mechanisms, osmotic forces take over: more water and thus less salt outside cells leads water to flood into a cell. But this swelling doesn't occur in most ce...

Cell volume and dry mass are typically correlated. However, in this issue, Zlotek-Zlotkiewicz et al. (2015. J. Cell Biol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201505056) and Son et al. (2015. J. Cell Biol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201505058) use new live-cell techniques to show that entry to mitosis coincides with rapid cell swelling, which is reversed before division.

Using patch-clamp and calcium imaging techniques, we characterized the effects of ATP and histamine on human keratinocytes. In the HaCaT cell line, both receptor agonists induced a transient elevation of [Ca2+]i in a Ca(2+)-free medium followed by a secondary [Ca2+]i rise upon Ca2+ readmission due to store-operated calcium entry (SOCE). In voltage-clamped cells, agonists activated two kinetical...

The hypothesis that cellular hypertrophy in congestive heart failure (CHF) modulates mechanosensitive (ie, swelling- or stretch-activated) anion channels was tested. Digital video microscopy and amphotericin-perforated-patch voltage clamp were used to measure cell volume and ion currents in ventricular myocytes isolated from normal dogs and dogs with rapid ventricular pacing-induced CHF. In nor...

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Interferometry (InSAR), using data from the European Space Agency satellites ERS1 and ERS2, is being used to image, survey and map surface movement of the London region. Local and regional movement due to shrink and swell of the London Clay geology, tunnelling, and possibly ground water abstraction has been investigated here for the first time by InSAR. Cyclic ann...