to enhance the understanding of the impact of obstacle buildings on pollution transportationand dispersion in the atmospheric boundary layer, it is necessary to know the atmospheric flow characteristics over terrains. wind flow characteristics in a boundary layer over a step-shaped cliff topography model with rough and smooth surfaces were studied numerically using computational fluid dynamics ...

Computer model experiments are applied to analyze hypoxia reductions for opposing wind directions under various speeds and durations in the north–south oriented, two-layer-circulated Chesapeake estuary. Wind’s role in destratification is the main mechanism in short-term reduction of hypoxia. Hypoxia can also be reduced by wind-enhanced estuarine circulation associated with winds that have down-...

Although most of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) parameterizations have demonstrated the capability to reproduce many meteorological phenomena in the lowest few kilometers, little attention has been paid to the prediction of the diurnal cycles of surface wind speed (VSFC) in relation to surface temperature (TSFC). In this study, the performance of five widely used PBL parameterizations in re...

Sonic anemometers are capable of measuring the wind speed in all three dimensions at high frequencies (10–50 Hz), and are relied upon to estimate eddy-covariance-based fluxes of mass and energy over a wide variety of surfaces and ecosystems. In this study, wind-velocity measurement errors from a three-dimensional sonic anemometer with a nonorthogonal transducer orientation were estimated for ov...

introduction: wind erosion is one of the most important factors in desert environments. prevailing winds can shift sand dunes and affect their accumulation and morphology. also, wind regime determines the direction of sand dune mobility in different ways. therefore, the wind regime, frequency, direction and velocity are supposed to be the most important factors to form the morphology of sand du...

Whether the winds of the present Mars are shaping the variety of dune forms observed on the Martian surface has remained an open question that challenged planetary scientists for decades. In order to elucidate this issue, we have studied sand transport and dune formation from two different points of view. The first approach consists of solving the equations of aeolian transport at the level of ...

The NASA scatterometer (NSCAT) estimates the wind speed and direction of near-surface ocean wind. Several possible wind vectors (termed ambiguities) are estimated for each resolution element known as a wind vector cell (WVC). Typically, the speeds of the possible wind vectors are nearly the same, but the directions are very different. The correct wind must be distinguished in a step called ambi...

An idealised, staggered array of 9 6m 3 cubes was built to gain an understanding of the influence of other buildings on the natural ventilation rate of a building. The instrumented cube contained 24 temperature measurements, 32 surface pressure taps, CO2 sensors and 2 sonic anemometers, with 5 more placed outside to measure wind velocities. Ventilation rate was measured when the cube was sealed...

Wind loads on buildings can be quantified through synchronous measurements of pressure over building model surfaces or by high frequency force balance (HFFB) measurements. Although this loading information can be directly utilized for building design applications, current design practice often requires the transformation of dynamic wind loading to the equivalent static wind loads (ESWLs). This ...

Regional ozone pollution has become one of the top environmental concerns in China, especially in those economically vibrant and densely populated regions, such as North China region including Beijing. To address this issue, surface ozone and ancillary data over the period 2004–2006 from the Shangdianzi Regional Background Station 5 in north China were analyzed. Due to the suitable location and...