As both an urban and rural prototypical phenomenon the courtyard house type has emerged. It differs dramatically from other types of houses. In it, the outdoor space is enclosed within the interior volume and ultimately becomes the heart of its morphology and spatial organization. As a house type it was usually associated with the wealthy, and involved general physical features that pertain to ...

Temperatures in Mediterranean cities are rising due to the effects of climate change, with a consequent increase heat waves frequency. Recent research has shown tempering potential semi-outdoor spaces such as courtyards, which semi-enclosed that widely used by users buildings cities. International standards addressing thermal comfort parameters provide technical guidelines for indoor only. Expa...

Off-label indications for mifepristone in gynecology and obstetrics Ilana G. Dzuba⁎, Daniel Grossman⁎, Courtney A. Schreiber Gynuity Health Projects, 15 E. 26th Street, Suite 801, New York, NY 10010 Ibis Reproductive Health, 1330 Broadway, Suite 1100, Oakland, CA 94612 Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Cali...

The dynamic thermal conditions profoundly impact on the quality of physical, cultural, and social experiences in courtyard spaces. This research aims to identify microclimatic dissimilarities between courtyards terms tempering seasonal–diurnal extremes enriching ground-level textures. methodology included field measurements summer-2021 winter-2022 Cambridge, UK; simulations 107 ENVI-met model v...

The process regarding the formation of different mosque gardens and the elements that contribute to the respective process is the from the foci point of this paper. The significance of the topic lies in the fact that certain scholars have associated the courtyard in mosques with the concept of garden, and have not taken into account the elements that contribute to the development of various typ...

The present paper explores the influence of the physical environmental qualities of "quiet". courtyards (degree of naturalness and utilization) on residents' noise responses. A questionnaire study was conducted in urban residential areas with road-traffic noise exposure between L(Aeq,24h) 58 to 68 dB at the most exposed façade. The dwellings had "quiet" indoor section/s and faced a "quiet" outd...