BACKGROUND Pretreatment chemistry is of central importance due to its impacts on cellulosic biomass processing and biofuels conversion. Ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) and dilute acid are two promising pretreatments using alkaline and acidic pH that have distinctive differences in pretreatment chemistries. RESULTS Comparative evaluation on these two pretreatments reveal that (i) AFEX-pretreate...

Background: Pretreatment chemistry is of central importance due to its impacts on cellulosic biomass processing and biofuels conversion. Ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) and dilute acid are two promising pretreatments using alkaline and acidic pH that have distinctive differences in pretreatment chemistries. Results: Comparative evaluation on these two pretreatments reveal that (i) AFEX-pretreate...

Fish is a unique source of micro-nutrients. However, many parts of larger fish, such as the head and the bones, are discarded during fish processing despite the high levels of nutrients, and particularly micronutrients found in these parts. Thus the promotion and use of fish byproducts to create low-cost, high-quality food could help reduce malnutrition. This practice illustrates the nutritiona...

Field production of ornamental shrubs often coniferous species, respectively, were monitored for 12 results in significant topsoil removal and degradation of weeks in pot culture in both composite tailings (CTs) and surface soil physical properties. Building soil organic matter tailings sand (TS) materials obtained from the oil sands through compost amendments is one way to ameliorate plant, Sy...

Corn milling byproducts are expected to increase dramatically in supply. Two primary types of milling processes currently exist, resulting in quite different feed products. The dry milling process produces distillers grains plus solubles, and the wet milling process produces corn gluten feed. These feeds can be marketed as wet feed, or they can be dried and marketed as either dry corn gluten fe...

A study was conducted to determine the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) synthesized from sunflower oil on growth, carcass characteristics and meat quality of heavy pigs. Thirty-six pigs, half barrows and half females, averaging 97 kg L.W., allotted within weight and sex to a randomized complete experimental design, were fed diets supplemented with different CLA levels: 0.5% lard (C), 0....

Ethanol and biodiesel production have become important industries worldwide. For example, ethanol production in the United States has increased exponentially from 6.0 billion liters in 2000 to 49 billion liters in 2010, an increase of 800% (RFA, 2011). Similarly, biodiesel production increased in the U.S. from 424 million liters in 2005 to 1,191 million liters in 2010 (NBB, 2011). These booming...

In vitro fermentation experiments and a feeding trial were conducted to determine how distillers byproducts impact rumen microbiology and metabolism. The in vitro rate of lactic acid disappearance was not stimulated by direct addition of distillers byproducts to mixed rumen contents collected from a steer adapted to a high concentrate diet. However, if animals were fed condensed distillers bypr...

Global economic development has led to the widespread use of fossil fuels, and their extensive resulted in increased environmental pollution. As a result, significantly more attention is being paid issues alternative renewable energy sources. Bioethanol production from agro-industrial byproducts, residues, wastes one example sustainable production. This research aims develop process cost model ...