Although GAS are widely used for optimization problems and have obtained many good results, these are also holding problems, such as premature convergence problems and evolutionary stagnation problems. In this papel; the premature convergence caused by reduction of the diversity and evolutionary stagnation in GAS are observed, and a new genetic algorithm, named multi-step GA(MSGA) is proposed. ...

Bivalirudin has been proposed as the sole anticoagulant in patients under extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or cardiopulmonary bypass. Owing to the pharmacodynamic properties of bivalirudin, areas of blood stagnation should be carefully avoided in order to limit the risk of thrombosis. The ECMO circuit has no reservoir and is usually devoid of blood stagnation areas. Conversely, under ...

A large literature explores the importance of entrepreneurship as the catalyst of economic progress. In contrast, this paper argues that entrepreneurs are the driver of economic stagnation. We analyze the non-productive entrepreneurial process and discuss three channels through which non-productive activities have a multiplier effect culminating in economic decline and stagnation. Drawing on ex...

Non-isothermal stagnation-point flow with consideration of thermal radiation is studied numerically. A set of partial differential equations that governing the fluid flow and energy is converted into a set of ordinary differential equations which is solved by Runge-Kutta method with shooting algorithm. Dimensionless wall temperature gradient and temperature boundary layer thickness for differen...

Stagnation as the new norm and fiscal policy are examined in a New Keynesian model with adaptive learning determining expectations. We impose inflation and consumption lower bounds, which can be relevant when agents are pessimistic. The inflation target is locally stable under learning. Pessimistic initial expectations may sink the economy into steady-state stagnation with deflation. The deflat...

In Simoncini and Szyld [Numer. Math., 109 (2008), pp. 477–487] a new non-stagnation condition for the convergence of GMRES on indefinite problems was proposed. In this paper we derive an enhanced strategy leading to a more general non-stagnation condition. Moreover, we show that the analysis also provides a good setting to derive asymptotic convergence rate estimates for indefinite problems. Th...

It is shown that a slender elastic fiber moving in a Stokesian fluid can be susceptible to a buckling instability--termed the "stretch-coil" instability--when moving in the neighborhood of a hyperbolic stagnation point of the flow. When the stagnation point is part of an extended cellular flow, it is found that immersed fibers can move as random walkers across time-independent closed-streamline...

Temperature is an important parameter in most high speed flow experiments, but it is sometimes a difficult parameter to measure, particularly in short-duration facilities. Stagnation temperature measurements have been obtained using transient thin film heat flux probes in a Mach 6 carbon dioxide flow produced by the Oxford University Gun Tunnel. The probes were operated over a range of surface ...

We examine how aggregate output and income distribution interact with accumulation of intangible capital over time and across individuals. We consider an overlapping generations economy in which managerial skill (intangible capital) is essential for production, and it is acquired by young workers through on-the-job training by old managers. We show that, when young trainees are not committed to...

In a world where poor countries provide weak protection for intellectual property rights, market integration will systematically shift technical change in favor of rich nations. For this reason, free trade can increase international income differences. At the same time, integration with countries where intellectual property rights are weakly protected can have a large adverse effect on the worl...