[1] The transport of bromide, a conservative tracer, and rhodamine WT (RWT), a photodegrading tracer, was evaluated in three wastewater-dependent wetlands near Phoenix, Arizona, using a solute transport model with transient storage. Coupled sodium bromide and RWT tracer tests were performed to establish conservative transport and reactive parameters in constructed wetlands with water losses ran...

Lead is a major cause of environmental concern for the industries like paint, pesticides, battery, mine, smelting etc. Lead can cause diseases related to kidney, liver, brain and nervous system. Various methods used for lead removal include electro-coagulation, ion exchange, membrane separation and suspended and attached growth biological techniques. In case of electro-coagulation, factors like...

Hemodialysis is a commonly used blood purification technique in patients requiring kidney replacement therapy. Sorbents could increase uremic retention solute removal efficiency but, because of poor biocompatibility, their use is often limited to the treatment of patients with acute poisoning. This paper proposes a novel membrane concept for combining diffusion and adsorption of uremic retentio...

Protein-bound solutes are poorly cleared by dialysis. Among the most extensively studied of these solutes is p-cresol, which has been shown to be toxic in vitro. This study examined the form in which p-cresol circulates and quantified its removal by hemodialysis. HPLC analysis of plasma from hemodialysis patients contained a peak whose mobility corresponded to synthetic p-cresol sulfate (PCS) b...

BACKGROUND The toxicity of bound solutes could be better evaluated if we could adjust the clearance of such solutes independent of unbound solutes. This study assessed whether bound solute clearances can be increased while maintaining urea clearance constant during the extended hours of nocturnal dialysis. METHODS Nine patients on thrice-weekly nocturnal dialysis underwent two experimental di...

p eritoneal dialysis has undergone considerable change since it was first used in managing end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients in the early 1960s. Its use then was predominantly as a holding procedure for hemodialysis, and as such, it was used in a very limited number of patients. With the introduction of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in 1976, the use ofPD has increased d...

The main limitation of haemodialysis techniques is the scarce removal of solute in the range of middle to high molecular weight that may cause a progressive accumulation of these molecules with complications in the long term [1]. Moreover haemodialysis requires large amount of dialysate fluid for the removal of uremic metabolites placing a considerable cost burden on the health care provider. T...

The well-being and survival of dialysis patients not only depend on the removal of waste products and excess fluid, but also on the prevention of cardiovascular complications by maintaining normovolaemia and adequate blood pressure and avoidance of ectopic calcification. Also, the maintenance of nutritional status and adequate removal of middle molecules are amongst the most important issues in...