Little is known about the immune response to noroviruses. To elucidate the immunobiology of norovirus infection in humans, 15 volunteers were challenged with Snow Mountain virus (SMV), a genogroup 2 norovirus. We assessed the cellular and humoral immune response and infection by analyzing stool, serum, saliva, and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) responses pre- and postchallenge. In con...

UNLABELLED 62 year old Caucasian female with pancreatic head mass abutting the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) presented with fine needle aspiration biopsy confirmed diagnosis of ductal adenocarcinoma. CT scan showed near complete obstruction of portal vein and large SMV collateral development. After 3 months of neoadjuvant therapy, her portal vein flow improved significantly, SMV collateral cir...

Soybean cultivar J05 was identified to be resistant to the most virulent strain of soybean mosaic virus (SMV) in northeastern China. However, the reaction of J05 to SMV strains in the United States of America is unknown, and genetic information is needed to utilize this germplasm in a breeding program. The objectives of this study were to determine the reaction of J05 to all US strains of SMV (...

The possibility of solving the Quantified Boolean Formulae (QBF) problems using the SMV system is a consequence of two wellknown theoretical results: the membership of QBF to PSPACE, and the PSPACE-hardness of LTL (and therefore, of SMV). Nevertheless, such results do not imply the existence of a reduction that is also of practical utility. In this paper, we show a reduction from QBF to SMV tha...

During the years 1999 and 2000, the Telecommunication Industry Association (TIA) and the 3 Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2), managed a competition and a selection process for a new speech coding standard for CDMA applications. The new speech coding standard, which is coined Selectable Mode Vocoder (SMV), will become a service option in CDMA systems such as IS-95 and cdma2000, providing ...

Formal verification is one of the best methods for evaluating the systems. In this paper we used SMV model checker to evaluate the performance of DSR protocol in wireless networks. Since the modeling of whole DSR network in SMV is not possible, we used a Case Study example. In this example, node failure and link break conditions are investigated. By using SMV model checker, we have been able to...

The misuse of sulfadiazine (SFZ) has led to great hazard the environment and human safety; therefore, a simple, rapid, sensitive method detect is urgently needed. Herein, we report simple fabrication for rare earth vanadate samarium (SmV)-doped covalent organic framework COFTDBA-TTL nanocomposites (SmV/COFTDBA-TTL), which were used construct electrochemical sensor. synergistic effect arising fr...

Rsv1, a single dominant resistance gene in soybean PI 96983 (Rsv1), confers extreme resistance against all known American strains of Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), except G7 and G7d. SMV-G7 provokes a lethal systemic hypersensitive response (LSHR), whereas SMV-G7d, an experimentally evolved variant of SMV-G7, induces systemic mosaic. To identify the elicitor of Rsv1-mediated LSHR, chimeras were co...

Real-time behavior of a multi-tasking program running on a pre-emptive priority-based operating system is analyzed. The operating system and a collection of application tasks are modelled in Z. Real time is represented by an ordinary Z state variable. The model is adapted to a particular application by deening a state machine for each task and associating execution times with each state. The mo...

The biochemical function of the potyviral P3 protein is not known, although it is known to regulate virus replication, movement, and pathogenesis. We show that P3, the putative virulence determinant of soybean mosaic virus (SMV), targets a component of the translation elongation complex in soybean. Eukaryotic elongation factor 1A (eEF1A), a well-known host factor in viral pathogenesis, is essen...