OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to determine if the University of Pennsylvania's Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) is an accurate diagnostic tool for olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD). METHOD We included 138 non-demented PD subjects and 175 control subjects matched by gender. Smell identification was tested using UPSIT. RESULTS The mean number of UPSIT items correctly ide...

Objective We evaluated the severity of olfactory impairment according to risk factors, compared responses with risk factors and treatment timing, and investigated prognosis according to treatments. Study design Case series with chart review. Setting Tertiary referral center. Subjects and Methods We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients complaining of loss of their sense of smell ...

INTRODUCTION Sensory factors may play an important role in the determination of appetite and food choices. Also, some adipokines may alter or predict the perception and pleasantness of specific odors. We aimed to analyze differences in smell-taste capacity between females with different weights and relate them with fat and fat-free mass, visceral fat, and several adipokines. MATERIALS AND MET...

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to research the normative values of olfactory function in the Turkish population using the Sniffin' Sticks test and to relate olfactory performance to age, sex, smoking, educational level, and the side examined. It also aimed to compare the results with other countries' normative values, especially Europe, using the same test and procedure. STUDY DESIGN Prospective ...

The aim of this study was to compare olfactory threshold, smell identification, intensity and pleasantness ratings between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls, and (2) to evaluate correlations between ratings of olfactory probes and illness characteristics. Thirty one patients with schizophrenia and 31 control subjects were assessed with the olfactory n-butanol threshold test, the ...

Olfactory dysfunctions in patients with schizophrenia are becoming the aim of an increased number of studies. Smell identification deficits are well known but also other olfactory processes are examined, eg. sensitivity, discrimination, familiarity and edibility. Smell identification deficits are present in patients with schizophrenia and also in their non-psychotic siblings. Moreover, this dys...

using a 40-odorant test, the odor identification ability of a large number of persons for whom complete smoking histories were available. As indicated herein, the results of this study reveal a clear adverse effect of cigarette smoking on olfactory function that is dose related and present in past smokers. This effect is reversible, at least to some degree, and the time course of this reversibi...

AIM To evaluate Lancefield grouping and caramel smell for presumptive identification of the Streptococcus milleri group, and to find whether Lancefield group, species, or protein profile correlated with virulence or infection site. METHODS Prospective studies were made of 100 consecutive streptococcal isolates in blood cultures or pus from 100 patients in whom the severity of infection was ca...

Loss of the sense of smell is among the first signs of natural aging and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Cellular and molecular mechanisms promoting this smell loss are not understood. Here, we show that Drosophila melanogaster also loses olfaction before vision with age. Within the olfactory circuit, cholinergic projection neurons show a reduced odor response ac...

Code smells are more likely to stay inter-connected in software rather than remaining as a single instance. These code smell clusters create maintainability issues in evolving software. This paper aims to understand the evolution of the code smells in software, by analyzing the behavior of these clusters such as size, number and connectivity. For this, the clusters are first identified and then...