To date the strategy for inducing pinning in REBa2Cu3O7−x (REBCO where RE=rare-earth) coated conductors has largely been empirical. Hence, we are not yet at a point where we can dialin the compositions and process parameters to optimise pinning for particular applications having specific temperature, field, and field angle requirements. In this review, we cover the critical materials science ...

objective: electroporation is the most common method used for the transfection of dna. although this method has been attributed for various cell using different buffer compositions, the effects of dna concentration on the transfection efficiency has not yet been studied. here the correlation between the efficiency of electroporation reaction and increments of dna concentration has been investig...

Analyses by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) of 11 specimens of five taxa of prokaryotic filamentous kerogenous cellular microfossils permineralized in a petrographic thin section of the ∼3,465 Ma Apex chert of northwestern Western Australia, prepared from the same rock sample from which this earliest known assemblage of cellular fossils was described more than two decades ago, show their...

We present a new autoclave that enables in situ characterization of hydrothermal fluids at high pressures and temperatures synchrotron x-ray radiation sources. The has been specifically designed to enable absorption spectroscopy with applications mineral solubility element speciation analysis complex compositions. However, other applications, such as Raman spectroscopy, high-pressure are also p...

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes was used to investigate the phylogenetic composition of bacterioplankton communities in several freshwater and marine samples. An average of about 50% of the cells were detected by probes for the domains Bacteria and Archaea, and of these, about half could be identified at the subdomain level with a set of group...

The capability of atom probe tomography to make useful measurements of dopant distribution single device geometry is explored by characterizing the compositional accuracy of reconstructed data sets. The objective of this analysis is to evaluate whether atom probe can provide measurements to guide a predictive model development for diffusion in device geometry and strain conditions. Simple measu...

The source region of solar wind plasma is observed to be directly reflected in the compositional pattern of both elemental and charge state compositions. Slow solar wind associated with streamers shows higher freeze-in temperatures and larger FIP enhancements than coronal hole associated wind. Also, the variability of virtually all compositional parameters is much higher for slow solar wind com...

Metallic glasses are metallic alloys that exhibit exotic material properties. They may have fractal structures at the atomic level, but a physical mechanism for their organization without ordering has not been identified. We demonstrated a crossover between fractal short-range (<2 atomic diameters) and homogeneous long-range structures using in situ x-ray diffraction, tomography, and molecular ...