The present study examines social history of the Graeco-Arabic translation movement from perspective Christian communities that participated in it. Special attention is given to Melkite and Nestorian translators active ʿAbbāsid Baghdad – late eighth-century translator al-Biṭrīq famous ninth-century Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq complex interactions between Melkites Nestorians, which involved both competitio...

to express their ideas, feeling, and imagination, a large number of ancient arab poets employed terminologies current in that period, especially those related to spices and herbals and their advantages. their main impetus came from their investigative instinct as well as their religious beliefs that emphasize the importance of herbals for their medical and nutritional benefits. hence, such subj...

We synthesize the literature on recent rise of populism. First, we discuss definitions and present descriptive evidence increase in support for populists. Second, cover historical evolution populist regimes since late nineteenth century. Third, role secular economic factors related to cross-border trade automation. Fourth, review studies 2008–09 global financial crisis subsequent austerity, con...

In the early 1960s, Professor William (Bill) F.H. Jarrett was presented with a time-space cluster of cats with lymphoma identified by a local veterinary practitioner, Harry Pfaff, and carried out experiments to find if the condition might be caused by a virus, similar to lymphomas noted previously in poultry and mice. In 1964, the transmission of lymphoma in cats and the presence of virus-like ...

The mid-eighth-century Old Irish text known as the poems of Blathmac is a long devotional composition meditating on mystery Christ’s cross and its significance for salvation history. Since discovery subsequent publication nearly six decades ago, work has garnered considerable scholarly interest linguistic socio-historical value, but many aspects orientation remain less systematically explored. ...

The rise of state-mandated standards in public education have allowed legislators to answer the question of what constitutes a proper civic education, a debate that has existed in the United States since the turn of the twentieth century. Through the content they employ in their standards, states may indirectly influence the type of citizenship education students receive in the classroom. The p...