Many advertisers (bidders) use Internet systems to buy display advertisements on publishers’ webpages or on traditional media such as radio, TV and newsprint. They seek a simple, online mechanism to reserve ad slots in advance. On the other hand, media publishers (sellers) represent a vast and varying inventory, and they too seek automatic, online mechanisms for pricing and allocating such rese...

Advance selling before the time of consumption is now possible for even very small service providers, given new technologies (specifically, web-based transactions, biometrics and smart card technology). Moreover, recent research has revealed that advance selling can substantially improve profits without traditional price discrimination. However, that research was limited to monopoly settings. T...

This paper presents some of the results of the simulation in the radiation section of an industrial boiler using an advanced mathematical model. Calculations are described for the flow, heat transfer, and chemical reaction processes occurring within a gas-fired cylindrical furnace. The calculation procedure is a two dimensional one in which the main hydrodynamic variables are the velocity and s...

the seller must deliver the goods in conformity with the contract. one of cases of conformity is its conformity with the contract in terms of quantity. namely, the seller must deliver the goods that are equal with the specified amount in the contract. in practice, the delivered goods may be larger than the amount specified in the contract. in iranian law, where the goods are larger than contrac...

Seller reputation is an important asset because buyers often choose sellers on the basis of their reputation. This is particularly true when the quality of the good or service transacted is hard to measure and the parties cannot perfectly contract on the outcome of the transaction. As a consequence, the seller will be mindful of building and maintaining a good reputation through the information...

In the environment of business‐to‐business e‐commerce, Buyers and sellers in mature industrial markets can turn single transactions into long-term beneficial relationships by a deeper understanding of the complex connection between the two and buyers and sellers are uncertain about their roles. A “must-do” for the sellers, in particular, is to understand patterns of investment and reward,...