Teleseismic converted phases are used to probe the composition of the downgoing oceanic crust as a function of depth along the Cocos slab in central and southern Mexico. Previously, modeling of the receiver function (RF) conversion amplitude of the flat Cocos slab beneath central Mexico at 45 km depth revealed a thin low-velocity upper oceanic crust of a thickness of 471 km, which has much lowe...

In this paper we introduce robust versions of the classical static and dynamic single leg seat allocation models as analyzed by Wollmer, and Lautenbacher and Stidham, respectively. These robust models take into account the inaccurate estimates of the underlying probability distributions. As observed by simulation experiments it turns out that for these robust versions the variability compared t...

The paper considers a general model of electoral systems combining districtbased elections with a compensatory mechanism in order to create any outcome between strictly majoritarian and purely proportional seat allocation. It contains vote transfer and allows for the application of three different correction formulas. Analysis in a two-party system shows that a trade-off exists for the dominant...

In proportional representation systems, an important issue is whether a given apportionment method favors larger parties at the expense of smaller parties. For an arbitrary number of parties, ordered from largest to smallest by their vote counts, we calculate (apparently for the first time) the expected differences between the seat allocation and the ideal share of seats, separately for each pa...

During centuries, humans have changed their environment into a Perspective of cultural heritage using tact and wisdom. These perspectives that show the legacy of human civilization, have established a long cultural relationship via safety international pathways. Hence, Investing for maintenance of critical infrastructures which is the safe way, seems to be necessary. The main problem is not the...

To protect the driver of off-highway dump trucks from the harmful vibration, this paper presents the comparison results to determine the optimal damping of the seat system by different optimization design plans. Three optimization schemes are considered including individually optimizing the damping of the cushion, individually optimizing the damping of the seat suspension, and integrately optim...