Solid dispersions (SDs) are one of the most promising strategies to improve the oral bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs. This technology is mainly applied to improve the solubility of Class II and Class IV drugs. Cefpodoxime proxetil (CP) is chosen as drug as it belongs to Class IV i. e. having low solubility and low permeability (Solubility: 400 μg/ml). SDs were prepared by using PV...

The solubility of corundum was measured at 800 °C and 10 kbar in NaCl–H2O–SiO2 fluids over NaCl mole fractions (XNaCl) of 0 to 0.5 and SiO2 concentrations of zero to quartz or albite+melt saturation, depending on XNaCl. Experiments were performed in a piston-cylinder apparatus. Dissolved Al2O3 and SiO2 were determined by weight losses of corundum and quartz crystals, or by bulk compositions of ...

BACKGROUND Simvastatin is classified as a Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class-II compound with a poor aqueous solubility and an acceptable permeability through biomembranes. The strategy of increasing the in vitro dissolution has the potential to enhance the oral bioavailability when using nanosized crystalline drugs. OBJECTIVE The aim of this article was to prepare simvastatin...

A simple method for the rigorous derivation of lithogenic index or percent cholesterol saturation, embodying both relative and total lipid concentrations, is described. We recently demonstrated that under physiological conditions only two key physical-chemical variables, the bile salt-lecithin ratio and the total lipid (bile salts + lecithin + cholesterol) concentration determine the equilibriu...

The solubility of andradite garnet was determined at 800 °C and 10 kbar in a solution of 10 mol% NaCl and 90 mol% H2O. Experiments were syntheses carried out with high-purity natural wollastonite, reagent hematite or natural specular hematite containing ~1 wt% TiO2, and fluid. All experiments were performed with Mn2O3-Mn3O4 or Fe2O3-Fe3O4 oxygen buffers in a piston-cylinder apparatus with NaCl ...

Solubilities of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in supercritical carbon dioxide were measured with a procedure based on a direct on-line combination of a saturation cell to a flame ionization detector. Acenaphthene, anthrance and chrysene were selected as the test solutes. A method was developed and evaluated which enables the measurement of the contribution of solute vapor pressur...

[1] Fish have been shown to produce high (10 to 48 mol %) magnesium calcite as part of the physiological mechanisms responsible for maintaining salt and water balance. The importance of this source to the marine carbon cycle is only now being considered. In this paper, we report the first measurements of the solubility of this CaCO3 in seawater. The resulting solubility (pK*sp = 5.89 0.09) is a...

We develop and test a theory for the relationship of atmospheric pCO2 and the solubility pump of CO2 in an abiotic ocean. The solubility pump depends on the hydrographic structure of the ocean and the degree of saturation of the waters. The depth of thermocline sets the relative volume of warm and cold waters, which sets the mean solubility of CO2 in the ocean. The degree of saturation depends ...

SUMMARY – An ActiveX component to calculate temperature and vapour fraction in a geothermal reservoir using the quartz solubility geothermometry was written in Visual Basic. The approach is based on the conservation of mass and energy (enthalpy). Four representative types of regression equations for quartz solubility: (i) a quadratic regression equation of 1/T and pressure P, (ii) a linear equa...