mulla sadra, as the founder of the transcendental philosophy, has special viewpoints on society. unlike those who believe that mulla sadra ignored society and paid his mere attention to the spiritual issues, he cared about the social situation of his time and proposed certain pathological guidelines to reform the society. in his opinion, the real problem was that those who truly deserved to rul...

Among the Persian futuwwatnāmes, which started with Ṣafavid period and are described as Cevânmerd, there also epistles belonging to butchers. The writing of these works began in Great Khorasan basin during Seljuk period. These considered main sources 13th century Anatolian Akhism. In this profession is attributed Prophet Ibrahim. master Hazrat (Excellency) Ali were counted, hero profession, Rey...

the crisis of the religios legitimacy of safavids close to the end of this dynasty’s governance triggered many uprisings and rebellions in different parts of their ruling domain. sheikh baha_al_din estiri was the leader of one of the most important uprisings in khorasan. the sheikh, who has been frustrated with the safavid court and government’s indifference regarding the ozbacks’ attacks made ...

communities’worldview has an important role in shaping arts. exploring the evolution of thepersian art and architecture indicates that, in different periods, despitethe changeof aestheticand expression, there have relatively been some similar meanings in different forms of art. onthe words, in different forms of art, expression might be changed but a unique meaning wouldbemarinated.in this rese...