I. The interaction between nitrogen and water intake was studied in two ewes and two red deer hinds. They were given pelleted diets, at maintenance level, containing equal amounts of roughage but either rich or poor in nitrogen. The deer received 5 0 yo more food than the sheep. Water was given either in large amounts (sheep 5.0 1, deer 7.0 1 daily) or in small amounts (sheep 1.1 1, deer 2.4 1 ...

A rumen simulated continuous culture (RSCC) system was used to study the influence of supplementation of the three different types of protein sources such as urea, casein and soy protein on rumen microbial synthesis in terms of rumen microbial synchronization. The urea treatment showed the highest pH value. Ammonia nitrogen concentration was rapidly increased after feeding and not significantly...

Four ruminally cannulated wethers (31+/-1.3kg) were used in an experiment with a 4x4 Latin square design to estimate the DM intake, apparent digestibility, nitrogen balance, rumen ammonia and microbial protein production. The sheep had ad libitum access to either Cassia rotundifolia (Cassia), Lablab purpureus (Lablab), Macroptilium atropurpureum (Siratro) or Stylosanthes guianensis (Stylo). Dry...

Nitrogen kinetics were studied in six sheep (45-55 kg live weight) consuming either a high-N grass silage or a low-N dried grass made from swards of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). The diets were fed hourly at a level of 600 g dry matter/d and supplied 19.5 and 11.0 g N/d respectively. The amounts of organic matter (OM) consumed and flowing at the duodenum and ileum and excreted in the fae...

The feed and feces of a continuously fed sheep were analyzed for carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen, with oxygen as the remainder. The daily feed-feces weight difference was used as the reactant in an equation representing the rumen fermentation. The measured products were the daily production of volatile fatty acids (VFA), CH4, CO2, and ammonia. The carbon unaccounted for was assumed to be in the ...

To maximize digestion by cattle, ruminal microbes require adequate nourishment. For cattle consuming poor-quality forages, nitrogen (N) is the nutrient that is typically most limiting for the microbes (Köster et al., 1996). The total amount of N required by the microbes would minimally be the amount of microbial N flowing from the rumen and to the small intestine, but an additional amount of N ...

Because of the extensive hydrolysis of dietary proteins in the rumen and the attendant wastage of nitrogen which is absorbed as ammonia across the rumen wall and excreted as urea in the urine, the ruminal synthesis of bacterial and protozoal proteins has a special importance in the nutrition of the ruminant. This paper considers the factors influencing microbial protein synthesis in simple in v...

the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation of different level protein diets with rumen protected methionine and lysine on performance and ruminal parameters in holstein dairy cows when in their early lactation. twenty one dairy cows in their early lactations were assigned to three treatments in a randomized block design experiment of a 35-d duration period. diets...

AIM The present study was conducted to examine the rumen modulatory effect of thyme, clove and peppermint oils on rumen fermentation pattern in vitro using roughage based diet. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thyme, clove and peppermint oils were tested at concentration of 0, 30, 300 and 600 mg/l (ppm) of total culture fluid using in vitro gas production technique in wheat straw based diet (concentrate...

Five mature wethers fitted with rumen fistulas were fed grass hay and a sugarbeet-pulp-based concentrate or maize silage and a cereal-based concentrate (50/50 digestible organic matter basis), or without with 5 g yeast supplement (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Biosaf) per day in a latin square design. Diets were given for a 28-d adaptation period, followed by a 10-d collection period to determine d...