Successful treatment of furcated molar teeth presents the periodontist and prosthodontist with a challenging dilemma. Accepted treatment modalities include chemotherapeutic maintenance, root planning, open flap debridement, modified Widman flap, bone grafting with and without guided tissue regeneration, and osseous resection with and without root removal. Determining the appropriate treatment f...

The pathways for the spread of bacteria between pulpal and periodontal tissues have been discussed with controversy. Treatment and prognosis of endodontic–periodontal diseases vary and depend on the cause and the correct diagnosis of each specific condition. One treatment modality in such cases involves separation of two roots in the furcation area with selected removal of one root. This decisi...

Introduction: Internal root resorption is a progressive loss of dentin in teeth with inflamed and possibly partially necrotic pulp tissue. If diagnosed at early stages, the process is halted by endodontic treatment. While endodontic treatment is the preferred treatment modality for internal root resorption, current standard endodontic techniques pose a challenge for cleaning, disinfection and o...

The optimal treatment for intruded permanent teeth has not yet been determined. The ideal treatment option is the one with the lowest probability of developing complications such as external root resorption and marginal bone loss. Each case should be considered individually, bearing in mind the severity of the intrusion, the stage of root development, and tooth mobility. Management of an intrud...

BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to determine the root canal morphology of permanent mandibular incisor teeth in the Indian subpopulation with the use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIAL/METHODS CBCT images of 200 patients with 800 permanent mandibular incisors, fulfilling necessary inclusion criteria and aged 18 to 60 years were evaluated. The number of roots, number of root...

Root canal treatment quality has a direct bearing on healing in the periradicular area. There are various methods to assess the quality of root canal treatment. Radiographic assessment in conjunction with clinical assessment remains one of the most commonly employed methods to predict the prognosis of endodontically treated teeth. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of root ca...

with regard to the relationship between the use of modality and readability levels oftexts, 2 opposing views have been raised. the first view endorses direct positiverelationship between modality and readability in the sense that the use of modalityincreases textual understandability. the second view is that the use of modality leadsto an increase in the number of words, resulting in readabilit...

This paper has two major goals. First, it provides a detailed empirical description of how the epistemic and metaphysical readings of the “non-root modal + Perf(ect) have” construction in English (e.g., John might have won the game yesterday) are expressed in Mandarin Chinese. The two readings both involve non-root modals for the past, i.e., non-root modals with either a past temporal perspecti...

Many recent imaging genetic studies focus on detecting the associations between genetic markers such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and quantitative traits (QTs). Although there exist a large number of generalized multivariate regression analysis methods, few of them have used diagnosis information in subjects to enhance the analysis performance. In addition, few of models have inves...