Medical history explains that Persian physicians used scientific methods based on clinical experiences and observations for treatment from pre-Islamic time (before 637 AD) and centuries later (in the Islamic era). Rhazes was one of the Persian physicians acknowledged as a pharmacist, chemist and prominent scientific writer on various subjects of medicine and philosophy. In this study, we aimed ...

BACKGROUND During the last decades, there have been great advancements in the field of preventive medicine. Research has demonstrated that nutrition plays a crucial role in the prevention of chronic diseases. The concept of functional food was first introduced in Japan during the 1980s. It proposes to consider food not only vital to survive, but also a mean for mental and physical well-being, c...

Acta Med Iran 2015;53(9):593. Erratum: Indeterminate Cell Histiocytosis: Report of a Case Alireza Ghanadan, Kambiz Kamyab, Mazaher Ramezani, Azadeh Goodarzi, Maryam Daneshpazhooh, Kamran Balighi, Mahsa Ansari, Seyed Farzad Mirfallah Nassiri, and Soroush Daklan 1 Department of Pathology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2 Department of Pathology, Kermanshah Univ...

The birth of the scientific clinical trial is often cited as an experiment by James Lind. On 20 May 1743, Lind compared the effect of a few supposed nutritional remedies against scurvy. The research subjects, 12 sailors suffering from scurvy on board the ship HMS Salisbury, were divided into 6 groups. In one group, each patient was given 2 oranges and 1 lemon every day, to eat upon an empty sto...

Parviz Mohammadi1,3 Shaliza Ibrahim1 Mohamad Suffian Mohamad Annuar2 Shahin Ghafari1 Sabaratnam Vikineswary2 Ali Akbar Zinatizadeh4,5 1Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 3Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of ...

Bridge piers which are constructed in the track of high water rivers cause some variations in the flow patterns. This variation mostly is a result of the changes in river sections. Decreasing the river section, bridge piers significantly impress the flow patterns. Once the flow approaches the piers, the stream lines change their order, causing the appearance of different flow patterns around th...