Iran has a longstanding history and a rich heritage of medicine. Two reputable Persian medical scholars of the Middle Ages are Razi (Rhazes) and Ibn-Sina (Avicenna). Their most important otorhinolaryngologic contributions based on the relevant data from two major medical books i.e., al-Hawi (Liber Continens) and Qanun fi-Tebb (Canon of Medicine) are discussed. *** he “Golden Age of Medicine” in...

Abu Bakr Mohammad Ibn Zakariya Razi, known in the west as Rhazes (865 to 925 AD), was born in the ancient city of Rayy, near Tehran, Iran. He was a renowned physician in medical history and not only followed Hippocrates and Galen, but also greatly extended the analytical approach of his predecessors. Based on the existing documents, he was known as the most distinguished character in the world ...

In the modern medical era, facial paralysis is linked with the name of Charles Bell. This disease, which is usually unilateral and is a peripheral facial palsy, causes facial muscle weakness in the affected side. Bell gave a complete description of the disease; but historically other physicians had described it several hundred years prior although it had been ignored for different reasons, such...

Research shows that ancient Iranians were among the pioneers of medical science, and are therefore admired and praised by non-Iranian scholars for their efforts and accomplishments in this field. Investigations of medical and historical texts indicate that between the 10(th) and the 18(th) century A.D., ancient Iran experienced a golden age of medicine. Great physicians such as Rhazes, al-Ahwaz...

Introduction istorically, Hippocrates (460 – 377 B.C.) was the first physician who described the evacuation of pus from pleural space. Then, Galen (129 – 199 A.D.) wrote on the same procedure. 2 In Iran, some renowned physicians such as Ahwazi or Haly Abbas (10 century A.D.), Razi or Rhazes (865 – 925 A.D.), and Ibn-Sina or Avicenna (980 – 1037 A.D.) had also mentioned the chest diseases such a...

Cancer is a cohort of disorders that involves transformation, dysregulation of apoptosis, uncontrolled cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. Extensive research during the last five decades has revealed much about the biology of cancer. Drugs used to treat most cancers are those that can block cell cycle, cell signaling, including growth factor signaling; inflammation, angio...

The present article describes briefly the development of the theories regarding the circulation of blood in humans, from the time of Galen (second century C.E.) to the work of William Harvey (17th century C.E.).We shall summarize the views of Galen together with those of two prominent Iranian physicians of the Middle Ages (Razi and Ahwazi known in the West as Rhazes and Haly Abbas respectively)...