This paper introduces a new hybrid hill-climbing algorithm (HHC) for solving the Economic Dispatch (ED) problem. This algorithm solves the ED problems with a systematic search structure with a global search. It improves the results obtained from an evolutionary algorithm with local search and converges to the best possible solution that grabs the accuracy of the problem. The most important goal...

A run for increasing the integration of renewable energy sources in electricity network has been seen recent years because big concern about environmental issues and pollution from controllable power units. This paper aims to give a general overview concept ramp rate limitation its principal applications literature regarding field control strategies, which deal with smoothing wind output. Wind ...

This paper proposes a particle swarm optimization (PSO) method for solving the economic dispatch (ED) problem in power systems. Many nonlinear characteristics of the generator, such as ramp rate limits, prohibited operating zone, and nonsmooth cost functions are considered using the proposed method in practical generator operation. The feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated for thre...

BACKGROUND Maximal incremental exercise testing should be completed within 8-12 minutes. The ramp-slope influences the exercise duration. Oxygen-cost diagram (OCD) is a scoring scale for the capability of daily activity performed and therefore can be used to estimate the ramp-slope. METHODS The OCD-algorithm and the reported-algorithm were used prospectively in random order for selecting opti...

The rapid analyte measurement platform (RAMP) system is an immunoassay test for West Nile virus (WNV) detection. Although reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methodology has been regarded as the gold standard for confirming WNV presence, usage of RAMP testing kits has increased in the past years. We collected RAMP test result data that were subsequently confirmed with RT-PC...

The pulmonary oxygen uptake (VO2) response to incremental-ramp cycle ergometry typically demonstrates lagged-linear first-order kinetics with a slope of ~10-11 ml·min(-1)·W(-1), both above and below the lactate threshold (θL), i.e. there is no discernible VO2 slow component (or "excess" VO2) above θL. We were interested in determining whether a reverse ramp profile would yield the same response...

The Strength Pareto Gravitational Search Algorithm (SPGSA) to solve Economic Load Dispatch (ELD) is presents this paper with various generator constraints in power systems. The ELD problem in a power system is to determine the optimal combination of power outputs for all generating units which will minimize the total fuel cost while satisfying all practical constraints. For practical generator ...

The current paradigm for receptor-ligand dissociation kinetics assumes off-rates as functions of instantaneous force without impact from its prior history. This a priori assumption is the foundation for predicting dissociation from a given initial state using kinetic equations. Here we have invalidated this assumption by demonstrating the impact of force history with single-bond kinetic experim...