a controversy among the muslim philosophers about the domain of the extensions was that is the subject of the verity-propositions contained the impossible extensions or only all of the actual and possible ones. from ibn-sina to al-khunaji, there are explicit texts to the former view; but later logicians, starting with athir al-din al-abhari, were inclined to the latter. in this paper, we attamp...

Introduction The "relevance" logicians of North America and the "relevant" logicians of the Antipodes have long claimed that their logical systems are in better agreement with common sense than is classical logic. The present paper is a critical examination of such claims. Though it is part of an on-going debate between classical and relevantistic logicians, I have tried to keep my discussion o...

background: current development of surgery is due to medical practitioners and surgeons practices and experiments throughout the history. albucasis, the muslim spanish physician in 10 century ad was one of the pioneers in surgery that had major influence by his innovations in surgical techniques, treatment approaches and invention of instruments. he introduced a type of surgical knife named mok...

Fifteen years elapsed between the discovery of the double helix (1953) and the first DNA sequencing (1968). Modern DNA sequencing began in 1977, with development of the chemical method of Maxam and Gilbert and the dideoxy method of Sanger, Nicklen and Coulson, and with the first complete DNA sequence (phage rX174), which demonstrated that sequence could give profound insights into genetic organ...

A design and implementation method of a robot soccer system with three vision‐based autonomous robots is proposed in this paper. A hierarchical architecture with four independent layers: (a) information layer, (b) strategy layer, (c) tactics layer, and (d) execution layer, is proposed to construct a flexible and robust vision‐based autonomous robot soccer system efficiently. Five ...

Logic is usually presented as a tool of rational inquiry; however, many logicians in fact treat logic so that it does not serve us, but rather governs us – beings we are subordinated to the logical laws aspire disclose. We denote view primarily serves logica serviens, while denoting thesis our reasoning dominans. argue treating dominans misguided, for leads idea “genuine” within language. Inste...

Using a questionnaire validated by the project Biohead-Citizen, where 15 questions are dedicated to evolution, we analyse Muslim teachers' conceptions of evolution in several countries. The first part compares nine francophone countries, with varying degrees of Muslim or Christian culture: France, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Lebanon, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Cameroon and Gabon, and shows a strong ...