Clinical characteristics and course of disease of 19 pneumococcal, 11 adenoviral, 15 mycoplasmal and 10 mixed pneumonias, diagnosed in 55 military conscripts, were compared. Controls consisted of 104 conscripts with upper respiratory infections (URI). The triad: productive cough, blood stained sputum, and chest pain aggravated by breathing (pneumococcal score) distinguished pneumococcal and mix...

Pneumococcal infection is one of the leading disease in under five children all over world. Mothers are an integral part care given to child control reoccurrence pneumococcal infection. Educating and training mothers can increase compliance with discharge plans prevent re-admissions. Planned teaching program effective strategy giving information children. The study was conducted find out effect...

Pneumococcal infection causes approximately 40,000 deaths in the United States each year, accounting for more deaths than any other vaccine-preventable bacterial disease [1]. The highest mortality rates occur among the elderly, in whom the case-fatality rate for pneumococcal bacteremia is approximately 30% to 40%. It is estimated that approximately half of these deaths could be prevented throug...

Applications of the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in the pediatric immunization schedule have dramatically reduced the incidence of pneumococcal diseases in both vaccinated children and unvaccinated individuals of all ages. However, increased infections caused by non-PCV7 serotypes have been reported by several groups. To overcome this problem, new vaccines covering more ser...

Authors Jerome O Klein, MD Stephen Pelton, MD Section Editors Sheldon L Kaplan, MD Ellen M Friedman, MD Deputy Editor Mary M Torchia, MD Disclosures: Jerome O Klein, MD Consultant/Advisory Boards: GlaxoSmithKline [Vaccines (Pneumococcal)]; Cubist [Antibiotic for Clostridium difficile (Fidaxomicin)]. Stephen Pelton, MD Grant/Research/Clinical Trial Support: Pfizer [pneumococcal disease surveilla...

Since the introduction of the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in 2007, invasive pneumococcal disease has declined, but the incidence of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A has risen worldwide. The present study examined changes in the features of invasive pneumococcal disease since the introduction of the PCV7 in Kochi, Japan. Pediatric cases of invasive pneumococcal diseas...

INTRODUCTION Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of bacterial meningitis. Young children, the elderly and those who are immunocompromised or who suffer from chronic diseases have the highest risk of developing pneumococcal meningitis. A 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was licensed in 2000 in the US and in 2001 in Europe. METHODS A literature search was performed in Pu...

BACKGROUND Pneumococcal pneumonia causes significant morbidity and mortality among adults. Given limitations of diagnostic tests for non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia, most studies report the incidence of bacteremic or invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), and thus, grossly underestimate the pneumococcal pneumonia burden. We aimed to develop a conceptual and quantitative strategy to estimate...

BACKGROUND It is likely that disease specific infectious morbidity is under-reported. Microbiologically identifiable diseases may be "hidden" in ICD-10 code as "unspecified" disease. AIMS To estimate the proportion of "unspecified" morbidity of infectious cause in infants and young children reported by Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) in England in 1999 that could reasonably be attributed to...

Pneumonia is the leading cause of mortality in children in developing countries and is also the leading infectious cause of death in adults. The most important cause of pneumonia is the Gram-positive bacterial pathogen, Streptococcus pneumoniae, also known as the pneumococcus. It has thus become the leading vaccine-preventable cause of death and is a successful and diverse human pathogen. The d...