Periodic deformation of a tire during its rolling motion causes energy dissipating and heat generation due to hysteretic nature of the rubber. The increase in tire temperature may have disastrous effects on safe service life and safety of vehicles. In this study a numerical simulation based on finite element method is used for evaluating the effect of various working conditions on temperature f...

Occurrence of top down and bottom up fatigue cracking in asphaltic pavements is common. Conventional pavement analysis methods ignore the existence of cracks in asphaltic layers. However, it seems that the responses of cracked pavement would not be the same as a pavement without crack. This paper describes effects of crack type, position and length, and vehicles tire inflation pressure and axle...

Although the polysaccharide capsule of Streptococcus pneumoniae has been recognized as a sine qua non of virulence, much recent attention has focused on the role of pneumococcal proteins in pathogenesis, particularly in view of their potential as vaccine antigens. The individual contributions of pneumolysin (Ply), the major neuraminidase (NanA), autolysin (LytA), hyaluronidase (Hyl), pneumococc...

BACKGROUND For patients with non-small cell lung cancer the TNM staging system and other conventional prognostic factors fail to predict accurately the outcome of treatment and survival. This study attempts to determine the prognostic value for survival of the proportions of CD4+ lymphocytes in the pleural cavity (PLY) of patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS Lymphocyte...

The complement system is an essential component of the immune response, providing a critical line of defense against different pathogens including S. pneumoniae. Complement is activated via three distinct pathways: the classical (CP), the alternative (AP) and the lectin pathway (LP). The role of Pneumolysin (PLY), a bacterial toxin released by S. pneumoniae, in triggering complement activation ...

a nonlinear model consisting “yaw, roll, longitudinal, lateral and pitch” has been developed in which, tire and suspension characteristics have been considered. tire model is based on the elliptic concept and tire calspan data. according to this tire model, cornering force and aligning moment are computed as a function of slip and camber (inclination) angles, normal load, tire adhesion characte...

Bioretention cells are popular stormwater management systems for controlling peak runoff and improving water quality. A case study on a functional large-scale bioretention cell laboratory column experiment was conducted to evaluate the concentrations retention efficiency of towards tire wear particles (TWP). The presence TWP observed in all soil fractions (<50 µm, 50–100 100–500 >500 µm) ...

Pneumolysin (PLY) is a key Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence factor and potential candidate for inclusion in pneumococcal subunit vaccines. Dendritic cells (DC) play a key role in the initiation and instruction of adaptive immunity, but the effects of PLY on DC have not been widely investigated. Endotoxin-free PLY enhanced costimulatory molecule expression on DC but did not induce cytokine sec...

It is well known that for laminated composite plates a Levy-type solution exists only for cross-ply and antisymmetric angle-ply laminates. Numerous investigators have used the Levy method to solve the governing equations of various equivalent single-layer plate theories. It is the intension of the present study to introduce a method for analytical solutions of laminated composite plates with ar...

Streptococcus pneumoniae accounts for more deaths worldwide than any other single pathogen through diverse disease manifestations including pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis. Life-threatening acute cardiac complications are more common in pneumococcal infection compared to other bacterial infections. Distinctively, these arise despite effective antibiotic therapy. Here, we describe a novel mecha...