having curly hair (persian: gīsvari) is one of the obscure and rare concepts in the epics and heroic stories but various texts and particularly some of the non-iranian sources pertaining to this issue could show us some evidenc regarding the ancient descriptions of warriors in indo-european culture. moreover, obstinacy (persian: sar-keshi), as one of the indispensable characters of heros, doesn...

The administration of electronic publication in the Information Era congregates old and new problems, especially those related with Information Retrieval and Automatic Knowledge Extraction. This article presents an Information Retrieval System that uses Natural Language Processing and Ontology to index collection’s texts. We describe a system that constructs a domain specific ontology, starting...

Text classification is an important problem with many applications. Traditional approaches represent text as a bagof-words and build classifiers based on this representation. Rather than words, entity phrases, the relations between the entities, as well as the types of the entities and relations carry much more information to represent the texts. This paper presents a novel text as network clas...

Any study of standards is complicated by the existence of numerous meanings of the term, which are often used virtually interchangeably. A few of these uses are most relevant to this book. It appears that the term fi rst came into general use in English at the Battle of the Standard in 1138. According to a contemporary observer, Richard of Hexham ([1138] 1988, 67), in this battle between the En...