Opiates, chiefly morphine, are commonly known as the best drugs for relief of pain, but due to development of tolerance and the physical or mental dependency the use of these drugs are restricted. Several neuroendocrine complications including diabetes change the antinociception of morphine and the development of tolerance and dependency to this drug. The withdrawal signs in diabetic rats signi...

There are several conflicting evidences showing the effect of morphine on learning and memory processes. In the present study the effect of chronic morphine administration on passive avoidance, active avoidance and spatial learning and memory of morphine dependent male rats using Passive Avoidance shuttle box and Morris Water Maze tasks were investigated, respectively. Male rats received morphi...

Purpose Access to opioids for pain control is recognized as an urgent issue in low- and middle-income countries. Here we report temporal and regional trends in morphine use in Kerala, India. Methods Oral morphine use data for the State of Kerala (2012 to 2015) was used to describe temporal trends, regional variation, and provider characteristics. Total morphine use was calculated for each distr...

This study sought to compare the analgesic efficacy and safety of patient controlled intra-nasal (PCIN) fentanyl with oral morphine for procedural wound care in burns patients. A randomised double-blind placebo controlled, two period, two-treatment crossover trial was conducted within the Burns Unit of a major teaching hospital in Perth, Western Australia. Patients requiring identical wound car...

Avian antibody technology has been used in diagnosis and therapy. A”lab-on-a-chip” system for detecting morphine in an oral fluid sample was described. An antibody against morphine was obtained in an avian system. The immunogen (M-C6-HS-BSA) was injected into Leghorn chicken. Furthermore, this antibody could be used in developing an enzyme immunoassay and immunochromatography to detect morphine...

Introduction: Morphine addiction and morphine withdrawal syndrome are the two main problems of today’s human society. The present study has investigated the effects of nicotine on the strength of physical and psychological dependency in single and repeated doses morphine administrated rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats were subjected to morphine consumption with single or frequent dose protocols. ...

P-glycoprotein (P-gp), one of the important drug-efflux pumps, is known to affect pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of P-gp substrate drugs. We have previously reported that intestinal P-gp expression levels are transiently decreased in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic mouse model. Herein, we examined the analgesic effects of orally administered morphine and its pharmacokinetic ...

Very small doses of intrathecal (IT) morphine (25– 200 mg) have been used in an effort to provide effective postoperative pain relief while minimizing side effects after cesarean delivery. We performed a doubleblinded study in 40 patients presenting for elective cesarean delivery in which IT morphine was administered along with oral hydrocodone/acetaminophen and other medications commonly admin...

BACKGROUND Previous meta-analysis suggested that transdermal fentanyl was not inferior to sustained-release oral morphine in treating moderate-severe cancer pain with less adverse effects. Now, we updated the data and performed a systematic review. METHODS Updated cohort studies on transdermal fentanyl and oral morphine in the treatment of cancer pain were searched in electronic databases inc...

UNLABELLED Very small doses of intrathecal (i.t.) morphine (25-200 microg) have been used in an effort to provide effective postoperative pain relief while minimizing side effects after cesarean delivery. We performed a double-blinded study in 40 patients presenting for elective cesarean delivery in which i.t. morphine was administered along with oral hydrocodone/acetaminophen and other medicat...