in this article, a game in which terrorists and the state government are the players is considered. on the one hand, terrorists try to attack major cities and impose damages (loss in the state’s point of view), on the other hand, the state tries to reduce damages through establishing the optimal number of facilities that are also optimally located. furthermore, allocating of fixed facilities in...

In this paper, a dynamic model of road traffic congestion is presented, with an elastic overall demand for morning peak road usage, and with the congestion technology used being ‘flow congestion’. It is demonstrated that in such a case, the optimal time-varying toll should include a ‘flat’, time-invariant component when road users share the same desired arrival time. This has important conseque...

Recently a methodology for tra c networks has been developed which extracts congestion toll sets such that the tolled user equilibrium is system optimal. Properties of toll sets, such as convexity, are investigated, as well as relationships with other problems. For a given toll set, various objectives can be de ned and optimized with respect to the tolls. Examples include minimizing the total t...