to evaluate off-label and off-nccn guidelines uses of antineoplastic drugs in a major chinese hospital.totally 1122 patients were selected from july to december 2011. then, the off-label and off-nccn guidelines uses of antineoplastic drugs were analyzed.in 798 of 1122 patients (71.12%), drugs were used for off-label. in 317 of 1122 patients (28.25%), the drugs were prescribed for off-label and ...

The main objective of this article is to optimize the walking pattern of a 2D humanoid robot with heel-off and toe-off motions in order to minimize the energy consumption and maximize the stability margin. To this end, at first, a gait planning method is introduced based on the ankle and hip joint position trajectories. Then, using these trajectories and the inverse kinematics, the position tra...

In descriptive statistics, there are two computational algorithms for determining the variance S2, of a set of observations : Algorithm 1: S2= - , Algorithm 2: S2= , where . It is interesting to discuss, which of the above formulas is numerically more trustworthy in machine numbers sets. I this paper, based on total effect of rounding error, we prove that the second Algorithm is better...

This paper describes three numerical methods to collapse a formal product of p pairs of matrices P = Q p?1 k=0 E ?1 k A k down to the product of a single pair ^ E ?1 ^ A. In the setting of linear relations, the product formally extends to the case in which some of the E k 's are singular and it is impossible to explicitly form P as a single matrix. The methods diier in op count, work space, and...

Buckling and certain contact situations cause scattering results of numerical crash simulation: For a BMW model differences between the position of a node in two simulation runs of up to 10 cm were observed, just as a result of round-off differences in the case of parallel computing. An engineer has to measure this scatter, to check whether important parts of the car show such indeterministic b...

In this paper, Laplace homotopy perturbation method, which is combined form of the Laplace transform and the homotopy perturbation method, is employed to obtain a quick and accurate solution to the fractional Black Scholes equation with boundary condition for a European option pricing problem. The Black-Scholes formula is used as a model for valuing European or American call and put options on ...

The present investigation is concerned with estimating the rounding error in numerical solution of stochastic differential equations. A statistical rounding error analysis of Euler’s method for stochastic differential equations is performed. In particular, numerical evaluation of the quantities EjXðtnÞ2 Ŷnj and E1⁄2FðŶnÞ2 FðXðtnÞÞ is investigated, where X(tn) is the exact solution at the nth ti...

We present a case study of a formal veri cation of a numerical program that computes the discretization of a simple partial di erential equation. Bounding the rounding error was tricky as the usual idea, that is to bound the absolute value of the error at each step, fails. Our idea is to nd out a precise analytical expression that cancels with itself at the next step, and to formally prove the ...