To cite: Liao B, KamiyaMatsuoka C. BMJ Case Rep Published online: [please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/bcr-2014207749 DESCRIPTION A 44-year-old man with hyperlipidaemia and chronic hepatitis C infection presented with a 48 h history of diplopia and occipital headaches. On neurological examination, he was alert and afebrile. There was right oculomotor palsy consisting of right medial rect...

The ocular motor system consists of three nerves which innervate six muscles to control eye movements. In humans, defective development of this system leads to eye movement disorders, such as Duane Retraction Syndrome, which can result from mutations in the α2-chimaerin signaling molecule. We have used the zebrafish to model the role of α2-chimaerin during development of the ocular motor system...

The pattern of axonal terminations of individual premotoneuronal medium lead burst neurons (MLBs) has been elucidated with the help of the intraaxonal recording and horseradish peroxidase injection technique in alert behaving monkeys. These findings indicate that individual MLBs do not influence individual muscles; instead they influence groups of muscles. Horizontal medium lead burst neurons (...

Background/aim: Based on mechanical considerations, the authors have developed a new approach to weakening oculomotor muscles. They present the biomechanical considerations that have encouraged them to explore this approach, and compare it with existing surgical techniques. Results of application to patients are given in the companion paper, and do not require an analytical understanding of the...

BACKGROUND/AIM Based on mechanical considerations, the authors have developed a new approach to weakening oculomotor muscles. They present the biomechanical considerations that have encouraged them to explore this approach, and compare it with existing surgical techniques. Results of application to patients are given in the companion paper, and do not require an analytical understanding of the ...

The interdependence of the development of the eye and oculomotor system during embryogenesis is currently unclear. The occurrence of clinical anophthalmia, where the globe fails to develop, permits us to study the effects this has on the development of the complex neuromuscular system controlling eye movements. In this study, we use very high-resolution T2-weighted imaging in five anophthalmic ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The oculomotor periphery was classically regarded as a simple mechanism executing complex behaviors specified explicitly by neural commands. A competing view has emerged that many important aspects of ocular motility are properties of the extraocular muscles and their associated connective tissue pulleys. This review considers current concepts regarding aspects of ocular motil...

Ultrastructural changes in rabbit superior recti have been studied from 24 hours to 21 days after intracranial section of the oculomotor nerve. Earliest changes were observed in a few myelinated axons within the muscle 24 hours after nerve section. Within 48 hours, degenerative changes in the myelinated axons became manifest and fragmentation of the myelin sheaths started. During the second and...

Eye movements are very important in order to track an object or to stabilize an image on the retina during movement. Animals without a fovea, such as the mouse, have a limited capacity to lock their eyes onto a target. In contrast to these target directed eye movements, compensatory ocular eye movements are easily elicited in afoveate animals. Compensatory ocular movements are generated by proc...

purpose : to evaluate the results of anterior and nasal transposition (ant) of the inferior oblique muscle (io) in patients with the io muscle overaction methods : this retrospective case series included patients with io muscles overaction, in whom ant of the io muscle was performed. in patient with simultaneous horizontal deviation, horizontal strabismus surgery was also performed. they were e...