PURPOSE To study the clinical involvement of the ocular surface and the in vivo morphology of corneal cells and nerves, in patients affected by active and inactive Graves' orbitopathy (GO). METHODS The study included 26 consecutive GO patients and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. GO was diagnosed on the basis of the criteria of the European Group on Graves' Orbitopathy, and d...

Anuchit Poonyathalang1 Sangeeta Khanna2 R John Leigh2 1Department of Ophthalmology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; 2Neurology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA Abstract: Recent discoveries about the orbital tissues prompt a re-evaluation of the way that clinicians think about disorders affecting the extraocular muscles, the...

Recent discoveries about the orbital tissues prompt a re-evaluation of the way that clinicians think about disorders affecting the extraocular muscles, their nerves and motoneurons in the brainstem. The revolutionary discovery that the orbital layers of the extraocular muscles insert not onto the eyeball, but into fibromuscular pulleys that guide the orbital layers, provides explanations for th...

The effect of sympathectomy on parasympathetic regulation of ocular perfusion was investigated. Uveal blood flow through the vortex veins was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry during electrical stimulation of the superior salivatory nucleus, which activates ocular parasympathetic nerves, in adult rats with intact innervation and 2 days or 6 weeks after excision of the ipsilateral superior cer...

Abstract To report novel ocular findings in unique Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome (early-onset cataracts, cerebellar ataxia, and a progressive myopathy), review literature, discuss causes of vision decrease this rare entity. A 3-year-old girl diagnosed with underwent uneventful cataract surgery both eyes within 1 week her 2nd birthday. This was exactly similar to sister other two related family mem...

Objective-  To determine the possibility of three-dimensional ultrasonography (3DUS) and measurement of optical nerve sheet by this method. Design- Descriptive study. Animals- 10 mixed normal dogs (5males, 5 females), age 1-1.5 year, and weighting 15±5 kg Procedure- 3D ultrasounds of the eyes were evaluated and the normal optical nerves in 3DUS images were measured using Volouson 730 pro....

Neurotrophic keratitis (also called neurotrophic keratopathy) (NTK) is a degenerative disease of the cornea, accompanied with neurogenic inflammation. It caused by sensitive innervation loss trigeminal nerve and characterized reduced sensitivity cornea retardation its healing process. NTC-causing damage to can occur at different levels-from nucleus terminals located in be ocular systemic diseas...

This book, with contributions by some distinguished ophthalmologists, neatly summarizes some of the recent advances in corneal diseases and their management. The opening chapter by Dua and Said, is an appropriate introduction to the book, dealing as it does with the fundamental basics of ocular health – the tear film, conjunctiva, the limbus with its reservoir of stem cells and corneal nerves. ...

THE earliest sign in progressive muscular dystrophy of involvement of the extraocular muscles is usually a bilateral ptosis which is followed by slowly progressing immobility of the eyes. The central nervous system as well as the skeletal muscles may be affected. Furthermore, heart disorders have been reported. At present, the disorder is attributed to progressive dystrophy of the extra-ocular ...

SUMMARY The use of in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) is rapidly emerging as an important clinical tool to evaluate changes in corneal sensory nerves as a surrogate measure for diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Commonly used metrics to document and grade the severity of diabetes and risk for diabetic peripheral neuropathy include nerve fiber length, density, branching and tortuosity. In addition ...