We study big bang nucleosynthesis in the presence of large mass-scale, non-linear entropy fluctuations. Overdense regions, with masses above the local baryon-Jeans mass, are expected to collapse and form condensed objects. Surviving nucleosynthesis products therefore tend to originate from underdense regions. We compute expected surviving light element (H, He, He, Li) abundance yields for a var...

Gamma-ray telescopes are capable of measuring radioactive trace isotopes from cosmic nucleosynthesis events. Such measurements address new isotope production rather directly for a few key isotopes such as Ti, Al, Fe, and Ni, as well as positrons from the β-decay variety. Experiments of the past decades have now established an astronomy with γ-ray lines, which is an important part of the study o...

We study the effects of possible deviations of fundamental physical constants on the yields of light nuclides, 2 D, 3 He, 4 He, 7 Li , and others during primordial nucleosynthesis. The deviations of fundamental constants from their current values are considered in the low-energy approximation of string theories; the latter predict the existence of a scalar field, which, apart from the tensor gr...

In our 1986 and1989 papers, we discussed the hypothesis of cold nuclear fusion in condensed matter and particularly in the planets. The purpose of this paper is to provide an update on geo-fusion research, then to consider an important extension of the cold-fusion idea: “cold nucleosynthesis” in condensed matter. Cold nucleosynthesis experiments are underway at Brigham Young University.

A brief overview of non-standard big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) scenarios is presented. Trends and results of the light-element nucleosynthesis in BBN scenarios with small-scale or large-scale inhomogeneity, the presence of antimatter domains, stable or unstable massive neutrinos, neutrino oscillations, neutrino degeneracy, or massive decaying particles are summarized.

In the defect-mediated electroweak baryogenesis scenario, baryons are produced in well separated regions of space. It is shown that between the electroweak phase transition at a temperature of T ∼ 100GeV and the end of nucleosynthesis at T ∼ 1KeV the baryon inhomogeneities dissipate, and that no constraints on defect-mediated electroweak baryogenesis can be derived from considerations of inhomo...

Using standard big-bang nucleosynthesis and present, high-precision measurements of light element abundances, we place constraints on the self-gravity of radiation pressure in the early universe. The self-gravity of pressure is strictly non-Newtonian, and thus the constraints we set are a direct test of this aspect of general relativity. Subject headings: general relativity; Friedmann equation;...

In recent years, shell model studies have significantly contributed in improving the nuclear input, required simulations of dynamics astrophysical objects and their associated nucleosynthesis. This review highlights a few examples such as electron capture rates neutrino-nucleus cross sections, important for evolution nucleosynthesis supernovae. For rapid neutron-capture (r-process) nucleosynthe...

The manuscript reviews progress achieved in recent years in various aspects of nuclear astrophysics, including stellar nucleosynthesis, nuclear aspects of supernova collapse and explosion, neutrino-induced reactions and their possible role in the supernova mechanism and nucleosynthesis, explosive hydrogen burning in binary systems, and finally the observation of γ-rays from supernova remnants.