With the Internet changing from era Web1.0 of computers’ interaction to era Web2.0 of users’ interaction, the development of transactional community has become the key solution to combine economic value with social value in social commerce. Transactional community is different from traditional social community in its relationship establishment because of the unique motivations of their members....

This paper adds a moral angle to a pluralist approach to development economics. Normative assumptions can be found in all the five main schools of thought that have analysed India’s rural labour markets (neoclassical, new institutionalist, Marxist political economy, formalised political economy, and feminist). The theorisations that are used by each have normative overtones. I define overtones ...

Even though the interaction of intrinsic motivation and concerns for social approval has important implications both for crowding out of intrinsic motivation through incentives and for producer choices, little is known about this interaction empirically. We present a laboratory experiment that provides evidence of a relevant interaction effect in the context of ethical consumption. We elicit a ...

This paper examines behavioral economics’ use of the positive-normative distinction in its critique of standard rational choice theory as normative, and argues that it departs from Robbins’ understanding of that distinction in ways that suggest behavioral economists themselves do not observe that distinction. One implication of this is that behavioral economists generally do not recognize Putna...

Our general objective is to explain how norms can emerge in complex, ambiguous situations: settings with large and complex spaces of normative options over which populations may try to agree using only limited, indirect knowledge of each others’ currently preferred options, possibly gained through limited interaction samples. We study this process using the concrete example of agents developing...

Caste based endogamy is one of the main characteristics of traditional caste system practiced in rural Pakistan. Members of different quoms do not inter-marry or at least do not prefer to marry out of their quom. While social acceptance for inter quom marriages among different landowning quoms is increasing in Punjabi villages, inter marriages between landowning quoms and service providing quom...

Resonance is one of the most prominent characteristics of human speech. Problems affecting nasal resonance are widely reported in speech pathologies, causing severe perturbations in subjects speech intelligibility. Nasal resonance values can be obtained through different instrumental methods, however, the nasometer proved to be an indirect and objective assessment instrument which results have ...

BACKGROUND Preventative inhaled treatments in cystic fibrosis will only be effective in maintaining lung health if used appropriately. An accurate adherence index should therefore reflect treatment effectiveness, but the standard method of reporting adherence, that is, as a percentage of the agreed regimen between clinicians and people with cystic fibrosis, does not account for the appropriaten...