— The dynamic rural nonfarm sector in China has been a major contributor to the country’s remarkable growth, while in India the growth in output and employment in this sector has been rather stagnant. This paper argues that the observed patterns in the rural nonfarm development are the results of institutional differences between the two countries, especially in their political systems, ownersh...

Nigeria is one of the malaria-endemic countries. In Lagos State, Nigeria, various malaria vector control programs including the use of chemical insecticides are currently being implemented. This study was designed to provide information on the susceptibility status of some nontargeted vectors such as Aedes aegypti. Adult Ae. aegypti mosquitoes from two farm sites and a nonfarm site were exposed...

Equity Payout is ‘Net dividends of nonfarm, nonfinancial business’ (Table F.102, line 3), plus ‘Net dividends of farm business’ (Table F.7, line 24), minus ‘Net increase in corporate equities of nonfinancial business’ (F.101, line 35), minus ‘Proprietors’ net investment of nonfinancial business’ (F.101, line 39). Debt Repurchase is the negative of ‘Net increase in credit markets instruments of ...

Farmland values are booming across much of the nation and farm credit conditions are solid. There are few exceptions to these broad-based trends according to results of surveys of agricultural credit conditions conducted by several Federal Reserve district banks. Farm and ranch land values have been climbing in recent years, but have showed particular strength since mid-2004. Strong farm income...

Policy makers in the United States often justify agricultural subsidies by stressing that agriculture is the engine of the rural economy. We use the increase in crop prices in the late 2000s to estimate the marginal effect of increased agricultural revenues on local economies in the U.S. Heartland. We find that $1 more in crop revenue generated 64¢ in personal income, with most going to farm pr...

Land resources are important for millions of rural households in China. With the land tenure system reform and trend nonfarm employment, transfer affects household income consumption diversity significantly. Utilizing data from China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) 2018, this study investigated effects on Chinese households’ diversity, measured by Simpson index. In order to mitigate endogeneity pro...

— China’s Sloping Land Conversion Program pays more than 32 million households to plant trees on highly erodible cropland, and has effected major land-use changes. Farmers retire land indefinitely but receive time-limited subsidies, after which they, in principle, enter nonfarm employment. We analyze annual data we collected on over 3,000 individuals and plots from 1998–2006, which contain vari...

This paper presents evidence on intergenerational occupational mobility from agriculture to the nonfarm sector using survey data from Nepal. In the absence of credible instruments, the degree of selection on observables is used as a guide to the degree of selection on unobservables á la Altonji et. al. (2005) to address the unobserved genetic correlations relevant for occupation choice. The res...

A rather unique panel tracking more than 3300 individuals from households in rural Kagera, Tanzania during 1991/4-2010 shows that about 1 out of 2 individuals/households who exited poverty did so by transitioning out of agriculture into the rural nonfarm economy or secondary towns. Only 1 out of 7 exited poverty by migrating to the big cities, even though those moving to the city experienced on...