Considering the benefits of preparation for writing in the pre-writing phase, this study attempted to examine the effects of different pre-task strategic planning activities (i.e., pre-task form-focus planning, content-focus planning, and no planning) on writing accuracy and motivation. To achieve the objectives of this study, sixty intermediate EFL learners were selected from an English langua...

The current study aimed to examine the effects of strategic planning, online planning, strategic planning and online planning combined (joint planning), and no planning on the complexity, accuracy, and fluency of oral productions in two simple and complex narrative tasks. Eighty advanced EFL learners performed one simple narrative task and a complex narrative task with 20 minutes in between. Th...

the goal of present study was to compare the performance of adhd and normal children on planning tests. 45 children with adhd aged between 7 to 12 were selected in mashhad city through convenience and randomized sampling. we used snap، cbcl، trf, csi-4 and clinical interview for diagnosis of adhd and put them into adhd-i, adhd-h, adhd-c subtypes. each subtype comprised 15 children with adhd. th...