Tourniquet-induced peripheral neuropathy is at least partially attributable to excessive forces applied to the nerves beneath cuffs inflated to high pressures. Lowering the inflation pressure to the minimum necessary to obtain an effective arrest of blood flow distal to the tourniquet cuff should increase the safety of these systems. Tourniquet cuffs with widths varying from 4.5 cm to 80 cm wer...

The Report of the President’s Commission on Financial Structure and Regula&n [19] (hereafter the Hunt Report) recommends important changes in the regulation, supervision, and operation of all major financial intermediaries. A common thread throughout the Hunt Report is the view that financial institutions should operate under the minimum necessary regulation. In this regard the Hunt Report prop...

We have demonstrated displacementand frequency-noise-free laser interferometry (DFI) by partially implementing a recently proposed optical configuration using bidirectional Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs). This partial implementation, the minimum necessary to be called DFI, has confirmed the essential feature of DFI: the combination of two MZI signals can be carried out in a way that cancel...

A characterization of the Mathieu group M12 is established; the characterization is used by Aschbacher and Smith in their classification of the quasithin finite simple groups. This is one in a series of papers providing simplified, modern, computer free treatments of the existence and uniqueness of the sporadic groups, and of the normalizers of subgroups of prime order and Sylow subgroups in th...

* This chapter represents the conclusions of a meeting of experts organised by WHO in cooperation with the US EPA and held in Annapolis, MD, USA, in November 1998 (for further details, see the Acknowledgements section). The US EPA has not conducted a policy and legal evaluation of this chapter. Despite evident successes in the protection of public health, present approaches to the regulation of...

This paper formulates a necessary and sufficient condition for a generic graph matching problem to be equivalent to the maximum vertex and edge weight clique problem in a derived association graph. The consequences of this results are threefold: first, the condition is general enough to cover a broad range of practical graph matching problems; second, a proof to establish equivalence between gr...

The Supreme Court’s affirmative action decisions in Grutter v. Bollinger and Gratz v. Bollinger changed the meaning of “narrow tailoring.” While the narrow tailoring requirement has always had multiple dimensions, a central meaning has been that the government must use the smallest racial preference needed to achieve its compelling interest. We might have expected, therefore, that if the Court ...

We demonstrate a flexible-bandwidth network testbed with a real-time, adaptive control plane that adjusts modulation format and spectrum-positioning to maintain quality of service (QoS) and high spectral efficiency. Here, low-speed supervisory channels and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) enabled real-time impairment detection of high-speed flexible bandwidth channels (flexpaths). Using p...