The mussel-inspired electro-cross-linking process allows the specific functionalization of a single electrode out microelectrode array by highly sensitive nanohybrid enzymatic biosensor, using cheap and abundant natural molecule.

an airlift-type activated sludge reactor using a sponge support medium was fed with wastewater containing 500 mg-n/l of nh4 +-n. in order to establish partial nitrification, the reactor was kept at 35°c. moreover, the reactor was started up with the nahco3 solution as an alkali agent to supply inorganic carbon for enhancement of partial nitrification. the partial nitrification was established d...

Cox DD, Papanastassiou AM, Oreper D, Andken BB, DiCarlo JJ. High-resolution three-dimensional microelectrode brain mapping using stereo microfocal X-ray imaging. J Neurophysiol 100: 2966–2976, 2008. First published September 24, 2008; doi:10.1152/jn.90672.2008. Much of our knowledge of brain function has been gleaned from studies using microelectrodes to characterize the response properties of ...

1) Antimony (Sb) microelectrodes with tips of 2 to 5 micrometers in outside diameter were constructed, and their electromotive forces (EMF) were tested in response to the pH of several calibration buffers. The data were compared with those of glass pH electrodes. 2) Increasing ionic strength (I) caused a significant deviation in pH readings of the Sb-microelectrode (delta pHSb-Glass). The above...

Implantable silicon microelectrode array technology is a useful technique for obtaining high-density, high-spatial resolution sampling of neuronal activity within the brain and holds promise for a wide range of neuroprosthetic applications. One of the limitations of the current technology is inconsistent performance in long-term applications. Although the brain tissue response is believed to be...

A novel 3D carbon nanotube (CNT) microelectrode was developed through direct growth of CNTs on a gold pin-shaped 3D microelectrode at a low temperature (400 °C) for applications in neural and cardiac recording. With an electroplated Ni catalyst layer covering the entire surface of the pin-shaped structure, CNTs were synthesized on a 3D microelectrode by catalytic thermal chemical vapor depositi...

A multibarreled glass-coated tungsten microelectrode suitable for single-unit recording and iontophoresis in chronically behaving animals is described. The microelectrode was stiff enough to pass through the dura matter of behaving monkeys, and can be applied as a microiontophoretic electrode. The electrode is easy to build and usable in stabilized conditions after repeated penetrations.

The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the use of enzyme-based microelectrodes and amperometric methods to detect and quantify extracellular levels of choline and acetylcholine (ACh). Our focus will be on the application and evolution of these biosensor techniques for use in vivo rather than the electrochemical principles underlying their development and operation. For the lat...