This article reviews the role of free radicals in causing oxidative stress during exercise. High intensity exercise induces oxidative stress and although there is no evidence that this affects sporting performance in the short term, it may have longer term health consequences. The mechanisms of exercise-induced oxidative stress are not well understood. Mitochondria are sometimes considered to b...

SINCE Soret [1883] described an ultraviolet absorption band in three of the haemoglobin series, numerous investigations have been carried out on the ultraviolet absorption spectrum of the blood pigment and its immediate derivatives. The haemoglobin compounds were investigated by Gamgee [1895] who pointed out that there was a specific ultraviolet band common to oxyhaemoglobin, reduced haemoglobi...

Haemoglobin-based oxygen carriers can undergo oxidation of ferrous haemoglobin into a non-functional ferric form with enhanced rates of haem loss. A recently developed human haemoglobin conjugated to maleimide-activated poly(ethylene glycol), termed MP4, has unique physicochemical properties (increased molecular radius, high oxygen affinity and low cooperativity) and lacks the typical hypertens...

1. Inositol hexaphosphate causes the shape of the oxidation-reduction equilibrium curve to become hyberbolic at acid pH values. 2. Inositol hexaphosphate also causes a decrease in the alkaline oxidation Bohr effect at these same pH values. 3. These results support the idea that inositol hexaphosphate causes methaemoglobin to take up the deoxyhaemoglobin quaternary structure at pH6.5.