introduction: lead toxicity induces retinal cell apoptosis. vitamin c and garlic may decrease lead-induced apoptosis. this study was undertaken to investigate vitamin c and garlic protective effects on lead-induced apoptosis in eye retina. methods: pregnant wistar rats (n = 72) were divided randomly into 9 groups: (l) treated rats with lead acetate in drinking water and (l+aa) with leaded water...

Introduction: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the major causes of visual loss among the elderly. It causes degeneration of cells in the macula. Early diagnosis can be helpful in preventing blindness. Drusen are the initial symptoms of AMD. Since drusen have a wide variety, locating them in screening images is difficult and time-consuming. An automated digital fundus photography...

Although TAM receptor tyrosine kinases play key roles in immune regulation, cancer metastasis, and viral infection, the relative importance of the two TAM ligands-Gas6 and Protein S-has yet to be resolved in any setting in vivo. We have now performed a genetic dissection of ligand function in the retina, where the TAM receptor Mer is required for the circadian phagocytosis of photoreceptor oute...

metastasis from breast cancer to other parts of the body is very common, but the spread of the tumor to pituitary gland, especially to infandibulum, is a rare presentation. at the time of pituitary metastasis, a majority of the patients have clinical and radiological evidence of the disease. it seems that the posterior area of the gland is the most common site of metastasis, probably due to hig...

introduction: this paper addresses a method for automatic detection of blood vessels in color fundus images which utilizes two main tools: image partitioning and local radon transform. material and methods: the input images are firstly divided into overlapping windows and then the radon transform is applied to each. the maximum of the radon transform in each window corresponds to the probable a...