In some languages, such as Korean and Japanese, some theoretically interesting postlexical tonal phenomena have been observed. The phenomena include, for example, downstep and edge tones in Tokyo Japanese (e.g. Kawakami 1961b, Pierrehumbert and Beckman 1988) and downstep and upstep in Northern Gyeongsang Korean (Kenstowicz and Sohn 1997, Jun et al. 2006). Also, some phenomena have shown the int...

Our previous study reported that muscle cell enhancement factor 2C (MEF2C) was fully activated after inhibition of the phosphorylation activity of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in the skeletal muscle cells of goats. It enhanced the binding of promoter or enhancer of transcription factor related to proliferation of muscle cells and then regulated the expression of these genes. In the present inve...

Previous analysis of the muscle creatine kinase (MCK) gene indicated that control elements required for transcription in adult mouse muscle differed from those required in cell culture, suggesting that distinct modes of muscle gene regulation occur in vivo. To examine this further, we measured the activity of MCK transgenes containing E-box and promoter deletions in a variety of striated muscle...

We identified a conserved sequence within the Muscle creatine kinase (MCK) promoter that is critical for high-level activity in skeletal and cardiac myocytes (MCK Promoter Element X [MPEX]). After selectively enriching for MPEX-binding factor(s) (MPEX-BFs), ICAT-based quantitative proteomics was used to identify MPEX-BF candidates, one of which was MAZ (Myc-associated zinc finger protein). MAZ ...

Epilepsy is a chronic cerebral disorder associated with recurrently occurring seizures resulting from over activity of brain neurons. Since more than one percent of the world's population is suffering from epilepsy, this disease is recognized as one of the most important neurological disorders in modern medicine. Studies indicate that impairment in balance and motor activity are known as one of...

Adipose fat storage is thought to require uptake of circulating triglyceride (TG)-derived fatty acids via lipoprotein lipase (LpL). To determine how LpL affects the biology of adipose tissue, we created adipose-specific LpL knock-out (ATLO) mice, and we compared them with whole body LpL knock-out mice rescued with muscle LpL expression (MCK/L0) and wild type (WT) mice. ATLO LpL mRNA and activit...

The MASH genes are vertebrate homologues of achaete-scute, genes required for neuronal determination in Drosophila. The sequence of MASH1 and MASH2 contains a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) motif that is present in other transcriptional regulators such as MyoD and E12. In the absence of an authentic target for the MASH proteins, we examined their DNA binding and transcriptional regulatory activi...

We present novel kernels that measure similarity of two RNA sequences, taking account of their secondary structures. Two types of kernels are presented. One is for RNA sequences with known secondary structures, the other for those without known secondary structures. The latter employs stochastic context-free grammar (SCFG) for estimating the secondary structure. We call the latter the marginali...

Abstract Although mathematical modeling plays an important role in many curricula worldwide, significant discrepancies persist the importance of ordinary mathematics classrooms and teacher education. This paper compares pre-service teachers’ professional competencies three different regions—Germany, Mainland China, Hong Kong—where educational cultural traditions differ, including modeling. In t...

Multicavity Klystron (MCK) is a high power microwave (HPM) vacuum electronic device used to amplify radio-frequency (RF) signals with numerous applications, including radar, radio navigation, space communication, television, repeaters, and charged particle accelerators. The microwave-generating interactions in klystrons take place resonant cavities at discrete locations along the beam. Importan...