BACKGROUND Oxidative stress processes play an important role in the pathogenesis of secondary brain injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Hypertonic saline (HTS) has advantages as being preferred osmotic agent, but few studies investigated oxidant and antioxidant effects of HTS in TBI. This study was designed to compare two different regimens of HTS 5% with mannitol on TBI-induced oxidativ...

background: mannitol is present in the ethyol ® (the trade name of amifostine) as an excipient. the mechanism of radioprotection of amifostine is radical scavenging. since mannitol is another known radical scavenger, we studied the probable additive or synergistic effect of mannitol on the effect of amifostine. material and methods: mice were irradiated with co-60 γ -ray in the presence 400mg/k...

Quantitative comparisons of infarcts 24 hours after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) via thoracotomy were made in 13 control and 13 dogs treated with i.v. 25% mannitol, 2 ml/min for 4 hours following occlusion. Mannitol increased serum osmolarity by 44+/-4 mOsm/L (mean +/- 1 SE) with hemodynamic effects limited to a small increase in left ventricular dP/dt. Nonperf...

Mannitol, an osmotic diuretic, is commonly used to treat patients with acute brain edema, but its use also increases the risk of developing acute kidney injury (AKI). In this study, we investigated the incidence and risk factors of mannitol-related AKI in acute stroke patients.A total of 432 patients (ischemic stroke 62.3%) >20 years of age who were admitted to the neurocritical care center in ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cerebral relaxation during intracranial surgery is necessary, and hiperosmolar therapy is one of the measures used to this end. Frequently, neurosurgical patients have sodium imbalances. The objective of the present study was to quantify and determine cerebral relaxation and duration of hydroelectrolytic changes secondary to the use of mannitol versus hypertonic isonco...

δ-mannitol is a metastable polymorph of mannitol, known for its superior tableting properties. However, there no easy, reproducible and scalable production method δ-mannitol. It was evaluated whether could be formed via co-spray drying with an API exhibiting tabletability issues, to improve the in one-step process prior compaction. Aqueous suspensions paracetamol β-mannitol were dried. Raman sp...

Neuroblastoma is a childhood tumor of the peripheral nervous system that remains largely uncurable by conventional methods. Mannitol induces apoptosis in neuroblastoma cell types and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) protects these cells from hyperosmotic-induced apoptosis by affecting apoptosis-regulatory proteins. In the current study, we investigate factors that enable SH-SY5Y neuroblasto...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Recent preclinical data have indicated that erythropoietin (Epo) can protect organs from ischemic damage. We evaluated the ability of Epo to protect the kidney from the effects of ischemia. METHODS Thirty dogs underwent a laparoscopic nephrectomy and were allowed to recover for 2 weeks. The dogs were then divided into five groups. Animals in groups 1 and 2 underwent 1.5...

When conventional techniques were applied to 84 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from milk samples, it was found that they were all catalase and phosphatase positive and oxidase negative. They all fermented glucose within 24 h and mannitol within 24-48 h when inoculated into Hugh & Leifson's medium, enriched with 1% horse serum. When they were subjected to the carbohydrates of the API 50 CH sy...