Intravenous lipid emulsion is an established, effective treatment for local anesthetic-induced cardiovascular collapse. The predominant theory for its mechanism of action is that by creating an expanded, intravascular lipid phase, equilibria are established that drive the offending drug from target tissues into the newly formed 'lipid sink'. Based on this hypothesis, lipid emulsion has been con...

background: our aim was to evaluate the effect of intravenous intralipid administration as an antidote on the poisoned patients' glasgow coma scale (gcs), hemodynamic parameters, arterial blood gas analysis, and routine metabolic profile tests (i.e. urea, glucose, sodium, and potassium) in the setting of non-local anesthetic drug overdose. methods: in this randomized controlled trial, a to...

The partition coefficients (P-values) of certain new potential, stereoselective, reversible, long-acting local anesthetics have been determined in an n-octanol/ phosphate buffer system. These are derivatives of 2-phenoxyethyldialkylamine hydrochloride, and almost all of them are readily soluble in water. Their aqueous solutions have shown different absorption maxima, and these have been use...

Many attempts have been made to increase the duration of local anesthetic action. One avenue of investigation has focused on encapsulating local anesthetics within carrier molecules to increase their residence time at the site of action. This article aims to review the literature surrounding the recently approved formulation of bupivacaine, which consists of bupivacaine loaded in multivesicular...

The majority of currently used anesthetic agents are derived from or associated with natural products, especially plants, as evidenced by cocaine that was isolated from coca (Erythroxylum coca, Erythroxylaceae) and became a prototype of modern local anesthetics and by thymol and eugenol contained in thyme (Thymus vulgaris, Lamiaceae) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum, Myrtaceae), respectively, bot...