This paper presents a method for designing bundles in a combinatorial auction protocol that is robust against false-name bids. Internet auctions have become an integral part of Electronic Commerce and a promising field for applying AI technologies. However, the possibility of a new type of cheating called a false-name bid, i.e., a bid submitted under a fictitious name, has been pointed out. A p...

Focus particles interact with the focused constituent in a sentence. The particle only presents a challenge to formalizing this relationship as while it commonly precedes the focused constituent, only can also follow it. A syntactic account of these constructions is presented that captures the unique properties of only’s distribution within the framework presented in Kayne (1998) and offers sup...

In most homomorphic encryption schemes based on RLWE, native plaintexts are represented as polynomials in a ring Zt[x]/xN+1, where t is plaintext modulus and xN+1 cyclotomic polynomial with degree power of two. An encoding scheme should be used to transform some natural data types (such integers rational numbers) into the ring. After computations aare finished, decoding procedure invoked obtain...