BACKGROUND Gemcitabine must be administered at high doses to elicit the required therapeutic response because of its very short plasma half-life due to rapid metabolism. These high doses can have severe adverse effects. METHODS In this study, polymeric microparticulate systems of gemcitabine were prepared using chitosan as a mucoadhesive polymer and Eudragit L100-55 as an enteric copolymer. T...

This paper investigates strategic interaction among airlines in product-quality choices. Using an instrumental variables approach, the paper estimates flight-frequency reaction functions, which relate an airline’s frequency on a route to its own characteristics and to the frequencies of competing airlines. A positive reaction function slope is found in some cases, indicating the presence of str...

Mesalamine is a gold standard anti-inflammatory drug used to treat inflammatory bowel illnesses. It's usually and keep Ulcerative Colitis in remission mild moderate cases. rapidly cleared from circulation after being consumed orally, with an elimination half-life of only one hour. Oral intake delayed or slow released matrix formulations can acquire therapeutic concentration the intestines. The ...

In a model where two competing downstream firms establish an input joint venture (JV), we analyze how different royalty rules for covering fixed costs affect channel profits. Under running royalties (regardless of whether based on predicted or actual output), the downstream firms’ perceived marginal costs are above the true marginal costs since fixed costs are incorporated. We find that tougher...

Despite recent advances in nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) formulations, the design of targeted delivery systems to improve the efficacy and reduce side effects of NSAIDs continues to be a focus of much research. Enteric nanoparticles have been recognized as a potential system to reduce gastrointestinal irritations caused by NSAIDs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect o...

the purpose of this work was to study the effect of various permeation enhancers on the permeation of salbutamol sulphate (ss) buccal patches through buccal mucosa in order to improve the bioavailability by avoiding the first pass metabolism in the liver and possibly in the gut wall and also achieve a better therapeutic effect. the influence of various permeation enhancers, such as dimethyl sul...