how to cite this article: najafi mr, najafi ma, nasr z. diagnosis and management of multiple sclerosis in children. iran j child neurol. summer 2016; 10(3): 13-23. abstract growing evidence indicates the safety and well toleration of treatment by disease-modifying in children suffering multiple sclerosis (ms). the treatment is not straight forward in a great number of patients, thus patients wi...

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on Journal blog. Scenario planning is increasingly used as a bottom-up approach managing complex social–ecological systems in response to multiple system stresses, climate emergency and competing policy priorities (Butler et al., 2020; Flynn 2018; Totin Wesche & Armitage, 2014). Envisioning one type of scenario process building normative sce...

Global land systems are increasingly shaped by international trade of agricultural products. An increasing number studies have quantified the implications for single different aspects system sustainability. Bringing together across sustainability dimensions, this review investigates how global flows affected and resulting impacts on food nutrient availability, natural habitat conversion, biodiv...

With nature-based offsets emerging as a core strategy for meeting near-term climate targets, it is essential they deliver real and verifiable mitigation gains. However, the interventions that generate can have unintended effects cause carbon leakage ultimately reduce mitigation. Although "old news" various anti-leakage measures been considered, there little evidence current practices to address...

The classification of land cover is one of the major applications of remotely sensed data. However, the distinction of different classes is often challenging because of spectral similarities. Numerous studies are published describing advanced methods for separation of spectral similar land-cover classes from the remote sensed images. But there are still limitations in terms of classification ac...