signing is an important informative – affective aspect of language which is overshadowed by the traditional speaking – writing distinction and the priority of written form over spoken form in both linguistics and literary criticism. this paper attempts to introduce a new form of language which can be referred to as signing language, which can shed light on understanding and analysis of the obli...

The requirement that an entropy function be composable is key: it means that the entropy of a compound system can be calculated in terms of the entropy of its independent components. We prove that, under mild regularity assumptions, the only composable generalized entropy in trace form is the Tsallis one-parameter family (which contains Boltzmann–Gibbs as a particular case). This result leads t...

It is known that the trace anomaly in QCD energy-momentum tensor $T^{\mu \nu}$ can be attributed to anomalies for each of gauge-invariant quark part and gluon \nu}$, their explicit three-loop formulas have been derived $\overline{\rm MS}$ scheme dimensional regularization. The matrix elements this quark/gluon decomposition allow us derive constraints on hadron's gravitational form factors, part...

Fixing a field F of characteristic different from 2 and 3, we consider pairs (A, V ) consisting of a degree 3 central simple F -algebra A and a 3-dimensional vector subspace V of the reduced trace zero elements of A which is totally isotropic for the trace quadratic form. Each such pair gives rise to a cubic form mapping an element of V to its cube; therefore we call it a cubic pair over F . Us...

Constituents of coal combustion waste (CCW) expose aquatic organisms to complex mixtures of potentially toxic metals and metalloids. Multi-element trace element analyses were used to distinguish patterns of accumulation among 8 genera of dragonfly nymphs collected from two sites on a CCW contaminated coastal plain stream. Dragonfly nymphs are exceptional for comparing trace element accumulation...

Let G = SpecA be an affine K-group scheme and à = {w ∈ A : dimK A ∗ · w · A < ∞}. Let 〈−,−〉 : A × Ã → K, 〈w, w̃〉 := tr(ww̃), be the trace form. We prove that G is linearly reductive if and only if the trace form is non-degenerate on A.

Trace conditioning is a form of classical conditioning, where a neutral stimulus (conditioned stimulus, CS) is associated with a following appetitive or aversive stimulus (unconditioned stimulus, US). Unlike classical delay conditioning, in trace conditioning there is a stimulus-free gap between CS and US, and thus a poststimulus neural representation (trace) of the CS is required to bridge the...

Generalized entropies are studied as Lyapunov functions for the Master equation (Markov chains). Three basic properties of these Lyapunov functions are taken into consideration: universality (independence of the kinetic coefficients), trace-form (the form of sum over the states), and additivity (for composition of independent subsystems). All the entropies, which have all three properties simul...

The trace minerals zinc, copper, manganese, and selenium are components of a wide variety of enzymes and proteins that support metabolism, growth, production, and reproduction. Trace mineral supplements are added to dairy cattle rations to prevent mineral deficiencies, and supplementation has traditionally been provided in the form of inorganic salts. When these inorganic salts dissociate in th...