Let D be a digraph, V (D) and A(D) will denote the sets of vertices and arcs of D, respectively. A digraph D is 3-transitive if the existence of the directed path (u, v, w, x) of length 3 in D implies the existence of the arc (u, x) ∈ A(D). In this article strong 3-transitive digraphs are characterized and the structure of non-strong 3-transitive digraphs is described. The results are used, e.g...

Given a matrix M of size n, the digraph D on n vertices is said to be the digraph of M , when Mij 6= 0 if and only if (vi, vj) is an arc of D. We give a necessary condition, called strong quadrangularity, for a digraph to be the digraph of a unitary matrix. With the use of such a condition, we show that a line digraph, − → L D, is the digraph of a unitary matrix if and only if D is Eulerian. It...

Let D be a digraph, V (D) and A(D) will denote the sets of vertices and arcs of D, respectively. A (k, l)-kernel N of D is a k-independent (if u, v ∈ N then d(u, v), d(v, u) ≥ k) and l-absorbent (if u ∈ V (D) − N then there exists v ∈ N such that d(u, v) ≤ l) set of vertices. A k-kernel is a (k, k − 1)-kernel. A digraph D is transitive if (u, v), (v, w) ∈ A(D) implies that (u,w) ∈ A(D). This co...

We study the relationship between two key concepts in the theory of digraphs, those of quotient digraphs and voltage digraphs. These techniques contract or expand a given digraph in order to study its characteristics, or obtain more involved structures. As an application, we relate the spectrum of a digraph Γ, called voltage digraph or base, with the spectrum of its lifted digraph Γ. We prove t...

Mader conjectured that for all ` there is an integer δ(`) such that every digraph of minimum outdegree at least δ(`) contains a subdivision of a transitive tournament of order `. In this note we observe that if the minimum outdegree of a digraph is sufficiently large compared to its order then one can even guarantee a subdivision of a large complete digraph. More precisely, let ~ G be a digraph...

Let D be a digraph, V (D) and A(D) will denote the sets of vertices and arcs of D, respectively. A (k, l)-kernel N of D is a k-independent set of vertices (if u, v ∈ N , u 6= v, then d(u, v), d(v, u) ≥ k) and l-absorbent (if u ∈ V (D) − N then there exists v ∈ N such that d(u, v) ≤ l). A k-kernel is a (k, k − 1)-kernel. Quasi-transitive, right-pretransitive and left-pretransitive digraphs are g...

This paper proposes an approach for obtaining block diagonal and block triangular preconditioners that can be used for solving a linear system Ax = b, where A is a large, nonsingular, real, n × n sparse matrix. The proposed approach uses Tarjan’s algorithm for hierarchically decomposing a digraph into its strong subgraphs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that uses this algo...